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NORMAL OUTLINES 

f 0F> 

GENERAL HISTORY 



TABLES OF GREAT MEN OF CENTURIES 



HISTORICAL SAYINGS AND PSEUDONYMS 



Questions and Answers 



By A. L. RYMER 



■ CHARLESTON, W. VA. 
THE TRIBUNE COMPANY 



THE LIBRARY 
OF CONGRESS 

WASHINGTON 



^29H 



COPYRIGHTED 
by 

A, L RYMER. 



898 



^> 



Jt' 



■^'^;;0^ Of Cop 



3l o-^ 



o 



Preface. 

The plan of these Outlines of General History has been 
so adapted that they may be used with any text-books, and 
much information mig-ht be obtained from them alone. 

The author has felt the need of just such a work in the 
school room, and these outlines are the result of his expe- 
rience in teaching- the subject. 

I do not claim orig-inality (and who does in history) in 
anj^thing- except the arrang-ement, and I would be willing- 
to credit all those who so desire with some shares of stock 
in this feature. 

In the tables, Great Men of. Centuries, Pseudonyms and 
Sayings, and others, do not expect to find completeness; 
but only a giude for more complete work. For elementary 
work, they are probably full enough. 

Especial attention is directed to the arrangement of the 
questions and answers. Many "Quiz Books" are objection- 
able because they do not train mind action, but depend 
upon the memory altogether; and a question may be as dif- 



b OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

ferent in relation to the proceeding- one as a simoom is dif- 
ferent from a monsoon. This objection is met (I hope) by 
g-rouping- the questions under designated heading's, and 
placing- them in chronological order. In this manner, one 
question leads to another one, often on the same subject, 
and we proceed from the "known to the related unknown, "^ 
and by means of association review history systematically. 
England is treated of more fully because of its histor- 
ical nearness to us, and the United States is purposely 
omitted, for the reason that every student of General His- 
tory is supposed to be well versed in the history of his own 
country. 

A. L. R. 
Buffalo, W. Va., May 3, 1897. 




Table of Co]vtei\ts< 



Chapter I — Races 9 

Chapter II — Divisions of Histor}^ , 10 

Chapter III— Eg-ypt 11 

Chapter IV — Babylonia-Assyria 13 

Chapter V — Judea 15 

Chapter VI — China and India 18 

Chapter VII— Phoenicia 19 

Chapter VIII— Medo-Persia 20 

Chapter IX — Greece 24 

Chapter X — Rome 32 

Chapter XI— Mediaeval History 43 

Chapter XII— Modern History 56 

Chapter XIII — Chas. V. and Reformation 57 

Chapter XIV— Rise of the Dutch Republic 58 

Chapter XV— Wars of France 58 

Chapter XVI- -England under the Tudors . . 59 

Chapter XVII— The Thirty Years War 61 

Chapter XVIII — Monarchy in France 62 

Chapter XIX — Eng-land under the Stuarts 63 



O OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

Chapter XX— Peter the Great and Charles XII 65 

Chapter XXI — Rise of Prussia 66 

Chapter XXII — Eng-land under House of Hanover.... 67 

Chapter XXIII — French Revolution and France 67 

Chapter XXIV— Eng-land in the 19th Centur}^ 71 

Chapter XXV— Other Modern Nations 72 

Chapter XXVI— Great Men of Centuries 31-40-52 

Chapter XXVII — Pseudonyms and Saying's 84 

Chapter XXVIII— Creasy 's Decisive Battles 90 



ilppeixdlx. 



Chapter XXIX — Questions on Ancient History 91 

Chapter XXX — Questions on Mediaeval History 94 

Chapter XXXI — Questions on Modern History 96 

Chapter XXXII — Answers to Questions on Ancient His- 
tory 1 00 

Chapter XXXIII — Answers to Questions on Mediaeval 

History 108 

Chapter XXXIV — Answers to Questions on Modern 

History 115 



Outliives of General I^istory. 



CKapter I* — Races of THaRkiRd. 



I. Black Race. 



II. Yellow Race, -j 



III. 



White 
Race. 



Negroes. 
Australians. 
1. Chinese. 
3. Burmese. 

3. Tartars. 

4. Mong-ols. 

5. Turks. 
1. 

9_ 

--> 
^. 

4. 

5. 
6. 

7. 



.. Semitic 
Family. 

(Descendants 

of Shem). 



f 6, Huns. 
I 7. Finns. 
{ 8. Esquimaux. 

9. Malays, t 
[10. Indians. (Amer.)t 
Chaldeans. * 
Assyrians. 
Babylonians. 
Canaanites (chiefly). 
Phoenicians. 
Hebrews. 
Arabs. 



2. Hamitic f 

Family. I 

(Descendants ] 

of Ham.) I 

1. 



Aryan 

Family. 



t Classed as a separate race by some authors. 
* Partly Semitic. 



1. Eg-yptians. 

2. Libyans. 

3. Cushites. 

Indo- ( 1. 

Irani c ■< 2. 
Branch. ( 3. 
Graco- ( -. 

Italic < ry' 

Branch. ( ~" 

t Also known as Indian or Red Race. 



Hindoos. 

Medes. 

Persians. 

Greeks. 
Romans. 



10 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



III. White 
Race. — - 
Cont'd. 



(Descendants 
of Japheth.) 



Celtic 
Branch. 

Teutonic 
Branch. 

Slavonic 
Branch. 



fl. Plots. 

J 2. Scotts. 

I 3. Britons. 

[4. Gauls._ 

1. Scandi- 

navians. 

2. Germans. 

1. Russians. 

2. Poles. 



CKapter IL — Dfvtstoiis of H^stor/. 

1. Date — From the Earliest times to 476 A. D. 



I. Ancient J 
History 



2. Countries. 



1. Eg-ypt. 

2. Babylonia-Assyria. 

3. Judea. 

4. China and India. 

5. Phoenicia. 

6. Medo-Persia. 

7. Greece. 

8. Rome. 



II. Medie- 
val 
History. 



1. Dark Aeres 



1. Date. 



1 



[2. Dawn. 



2. Topics. 



D. 
D. 
D. 
D. 



From 476 A. 
to 1100 A. 
From 1100 A. 
i to 1500 A. 

The Teutons. 
Byzanitum. 
Mohammedanism. 
Charlemag"ne. 
The Crusaders. 
The 100 Years War. 
War of the Roses. 
Rise of Mod'n Nations. 
Great Men. 



III. Mod- 
ern 
History. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 11 

1. Date— From 1500 to the Present Time. 

1. The 16th Century. 

2. The 17th Century. 

2. Important 
Events of ^ 3. The 18th Century. 

5. The 19th Century. 

5. Great Men. 



CKapter IIL— E$/pt. 



I. Geographical Divisions. 



1. Upper Eg-ypt. 

2. Middle Eg-ypt. 

3. Lower Eg"ypt. 



II. Location and Size. 



1. The Old 
Empire 



III. Politi- 
cal 
History. 



1. On the Nile in Eastern 

Africa. 

2. It is as larg-e as Georg-ia. 

1. Pyramids built at Gizeh in 
4th Dynasty. 

2. Org-anization of Military Ser- 
vice. 



3700B. C. '3. Memphis Supplanted by 
to 1900 B. Thebes in the 11th Dynasty. 

C. 4. War with Ethiopians. 

5. Conquered by the Hyksos. 

2. The Mid- 11. Rule of the "Shepherd 
die Em- | King-s". 

pire 1900 -j 

B. C. to I 2. Thotmes III. drives off the 
1525B. C. [ Hyksos and becomes King-. 



12 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



IV. Noted 

Men. 



V. Civiliza- 
tion. 



3. The New f 1. Her Great Glory. 
^^^S-r, p "j 2. Conquered by Persia. 
to525B.C. [3. Its Decline. 



1. Rulers. 



2. Joseph. 



1. Amosis. 

2. Khufu. 

3. Rameses II. 

4. Thotmes III. 

5. Menepthah. 

6. Necho. 



1. Classes of People. 



1. Priests. 

2. Soldiers. 

3. Lower Classes. 



2. They had reverence for their king^s. 



3. Noted on account of-! 



4. The People 



were 



Their 
Literature 



6. Relig-ion. 



1. Pyramids. 

2. Obelisks. 

3. Sphinxes. 

4. Statues. 

5. Hierog-lyphics. 

6. Mummies. 
Weavers. 
Dyers. 

Miners of Precious Ores. 
Manufacturers of Glass. 
Potters. 

Mathematicians. 
Astronomers. 

f 1. Was chiefly Religious. 
J 2. Written on Papyrus Scrolls. 
1 3. Phatokep's "Book oi the 
[ Dead"^ — chief work. 

1. Belief in an In- 
visible God. 



Consist- 
ed of 



2. Triads 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



13 





r 


1. Con- 


like- 


1. Osiris- 

husband. 

2. Isis -wife. 

3. Horus— 

son. 


V. Civiliza- 




sisted 


3. Planets. 


tion. — 


6. Relig-ion. - 


of ' 


f 1. Cats. 


Continued. 






4. Wor- 2. Goats. 








ship of^ 


3. Bulls. 








Ani- 


4. Sheep 








mals. 


5. Croc- 










odiles. 






2. Character — Superstitious 






in the extreme. 




7. Education — priestly. 









CKapter lY. — (2) T^ab/IoTvia-^ss/rta. 



I. Geographical 
Divisions. 



II. Location and 
Size. 



^ 



III 



Politi- 
cal 
History. 



1. Chaldea. 

2. Shinar. 

3. Mesopotamia. 

4. Bab 3^ Ionia. 

5. Assyria. 

6. Armenia. 

1. In South-western Asia. 

2. Extent — From the Mediterranean 
Sea to the Caspian and from the 
Taurus Mountains to Eg-ypt and 
the Persian Gulf. 

About live times as larg-e as Texas. 

1. Nimrod founds 
Babylon. 

2. Sarg-on I. 

3. Uruch, King- of Ur. 

4. Rise of Assyria. 



1. Chaldean Su- 
premacy (4000 



C. to 1250 B. 



14 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



III. Polit- 
ical 

History. — 
Cont'd. 



2. Assyri- 
an Supre- 
macy, J 
(1250 B.C 
to 625 B 
C.) 





1. Tig-lathinin. 


' 


2. Tig-lath-Pileser I 




3. Sardanapalus II. 


1. Import- 


4. Shalamanezer II. 


ant ^ 


5. Tig-lath- 


King-s. 


Pileser II. 




6. Sennecharib. 




7. Esarhaddon. 




8. Necho. 


2. Fall of Nineveh— 625 B. C. 



5. Babylo- 
nian Su- 
premacy, J 
(625 B. C. ] 
to 538 B 
C.) 



IV. CiviLi- ( 1. Were 
ZATiON. -< noted 

I because 



1. These 
people 
were 
noted be- 
cause 
they 



1. Its 



King's. 



1. Nabopolassar. 

2. Nebuchednezzar. 

3. Nabonadius. 

4. Belshazzar. 



2. Babylon Conquered by Per- 
sians 538 B. C. 

1. Studied the Heavenly Bod's 

2. Divided the year into days 
and hours. 

3. Named the Stars. 

4. Described the Zodiac. 

5. Observed Eclipses. 

6. Built canals, aqueducts and 
Palaces. 

] 7. Erected Aquariums and 
I Hang-ing- Gardens. 

8. Made Gold, Silver and 
Bronze Vases. 

9. Made Woven Stuffs. 

10. Used Transparent and 

Painted Glass. 

11. Buried their dead in Honey 
and Clay Jars. 

12. Married their Daughters at 
Auction. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



15 



IV. Civili- 
zation. — 
Continued. 



Their 
Litera- 
ture. 



Was written in Cuneiform 
characters on pillow-shap- 
ed Tablets and Cylinders. 
I 1. Law. 



And they 
had a Li- 
brary of 
Clay 
Books on 



3. Re- 
ligion 



Con- 
sisted 
of 
Char- 
acter 
Idola- 
trous. 



4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
[8. 
II or Ra, 
\ 1 



2. First 
Triads. 



3. 



Other ! 
Triad J 
as 



Histor}'-. 
Mathematics. 
Botan}'. 
Astronomy. 
Zoolog"}'. 
Astrolog-y. 
Relig-ion. 
—Chief God. 
, Ana^Chao- 
tic Spirit. 

2. Bel— Hun- 
ter. 

3. Hoa — Lord 
of the Abyss 

1. Sin — Moon 
God. 

2. San — Sun 
God. 

3. Vul— Air 
God. 



4. Planeta- ( 1. Saturn 



ry Defies 
as 



:i 



2. J,upiter. 

3. Mars, etc. 



CKapter V. — (J) Judea, 



Tribal Divis- 
ions. 



,5. 

I ^- 
16. 



Simon. 

Jadah. 

Dan. 

Benjamin. 

Manasseh. 

Gad. 



7. 


Reuben. 


8. 


Asher. 


9. 


Zebulun. 


10. 


Naphtali 


11. 


Levi. 


12. 


Joseph. 



16 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



II. Location and 

Size. 



f 1. Situate on East of the Red Sea, 
J South of the Mediterranean Sea. 

1 2. About one-third as larg-e as West 
[ Virg-inia. 



III. Politi- 
cal 
History. 



L. Patri- 
archal 
Ag-e. 
(2000 B. C. i 
to 1491 B. 
C.) 



2. Ag-e of 
the Judg-es 
(1491 B. C. 
to 1095 

C.) 



B. 



Great 
Men. 



11- 
I 2. 

is! 

14. 



Abraham. 
Isaac. 
Jacob. 
Moses. 



2. The Bondage in Egypt. 

3. The Exodus 1491 B. C. 

1. Military j 1. Moses. 

Chiefs. 1 2. Joshua. 



2. Judg-es. 



. The 




Mon- 


1. Its 


archy. 


Kings - 


(1095 - 




B. C. 




to 975 




B. C.) 






2. Diyis 



Conquest 

of 
Palestine. 

. Saul, 
40 yrs. 

.Dayid, 
40 yrs. 

. Solo- 
mon, 
40 yrs. 



Othniel. 
Ehud. 
Shagmar. 
Deborah and 
Balak. 
Gideon. 
Abimelech. 
Tolah. 
Jair. 
Jepthah. 
Ibzan. 
Elon. 
Abdon. 
Eli. 

Samson. 
Samuel. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



17 



III 



. Politi- 
cal 
History. 
Cont'd. 



Monarchy 
Divided. 



1. Israel 
(the 10 
tribes). 
(975 B. 
C.to722 
B. C. 



2. Judah, 

Tribes of 

Judah and 

Benjamin. 

(975 B. C. 

to 
586 B. C. 



Jeroboam as 

King-. 

Capital — Sa- 
maria. 

Their Captivity. 

Daniel. 

Hospitality of 

Cj^rus. 



Rehoboam as King-. 
Capital — Jerusalem. 
Zedekiah — last King-. 
Captivity. 
Summarv. 



IV. Civili- 
zation. 



1. Noted because 
tbev 



2. Litera- 
ture. 



3. Education. 



1. Were Farmers. 

2. Gave us Christian and 

Jewish Relig-ions. 
■< 3. Usedthe Mosaic Laws. 

4. Compelled every boy to 

learn a trade. 

5. Had the first Republic. 



1. Bible. 

2. The Talmud. 

1. Philo. 

2. Josephus. 

1. Compulsory. 

2. Theocratic. 



1. Books 



2. Writ- 
inofs of 



18 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



CKapter YL — (4) CKtiva and IivdTa. 



Location and 

Size. 



China is in Eastern and Middle 

Asia. 

Her territory is about one-half as 

larg-e as all the United States. 

India is South and West of China 

and same size. 



II. Politi- 
cal 
History. 



' 1. Isolated from other coun- 
1. General , tries. 

Nature. , 2. Little known until about 
500 B. C. 

1. Earliest date of Turanians 
in China, 3000 B. C. 

2. India's History beg-ins about 
1500 B. C. 

3. Migration of Aryans. 

4. Ag"e of Confucius in China, 
551 to 478 B. C. 

-j 5. Buddha in India, 500 B. C. 

6. Alexander's Invasion of In- 
dia, 327 B. C. 

7. Ag-e of Mencius, 300 B. C. 
9. Chewang-te Emperor of Chi- 
na, 246 B. C. to 210 B. C. 

9. Building- of the Great Wall, 
215 B. C. to 204 B. C. 



2. Chronol- 



III. Civili- 
zation. 



India had commercial relations with Ital- 
ian cities and Greece and Rome. 

Chinese policy was, no intercourse* 

They reverenced their ancestors. 

Made memory a test of education. 

Taug-ht the 9 Classics in China and Castes 
in India. 



OUTLINES OF GENKRAL HISTORY 



19 



III. Civili- 
zation. 
Cont'd. 



Reli- I 1. 
ofion. 



Kinds. 



I 2. Books. 



2. In 
China. 



1. Confuci- 
anism. 

2. Taoism. 
2. In India — 

j Brahmanism. 

[ 3. In both — Buddhism. 

( 1. Vedas or Hymns. 

) 2. Books of Confucius. 



CKapter VIL — (5) FKoeivfcfa. 



I. Loca- 
tion AND 
Size. 



II. Politi- 
cal His- 
tory. 



Important 
Colonies. 



1. Sidonian 

Supremacy. 
(1550B. C. to 
1100 B. C.) 

2. Tyrian 
Supremacy. 

(IIOUB. C. to 
850 B.C.) 



4. The Is- 
lands of 

1. 

9 



Situate, midway between the East & West 
Area, about 2200 square miles. 

1. Cadiz, in Spain. 

2. Utica ) 
and >■ in Africa. 

3. Carthage. ) 

1. Cyprus. 

2. Sicily. 

3. Sardinia. 
Sidon founded, 1550 B. C. 
It becomes the Capital. 

3. Tyre founded about 1150 
B. C. 

4. Rise of Tyre, 1100 B. C. 
L. Hiram builds Temples 

1025 B. C. 
>. Carthag-e founded 880 B. C. 
5. Its capture by the Assyri- 
ans 850 B. C. 
Under Assyrians. 
Nebuchednezzar takes Tyre, 

585 B. C. 
Alexander takes Tyre, 332 

B. C. 
Roman conquest. 



3. Foreig-n 
Supre- 
macy. 



20 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



III. Civili- 
zation. 



Noted 

because 

they 



on 



2. Reli- 
Sfion 



Gave us the alphabet. 

Observed effect of Moon 
Tides. 

Were Commercial Traders. 

Good Carpenters and Eng-ra- 
vers. 

Excellent farm's and miners. 

Worked ( 1. Ivory. 3. Metal. 
in 'i 2. Pottery. 4. Glass 

Used Perfumes and Orna- 
mentals. 
Similar to the Assyrians. 

T-, ( 1. Thev sacrificed human 
Ex- ) , • 

, -< being-s. 

^^P ( 2. And worshiped the 
Character^ Cod'^ --^ ^ ^' -^^^^• 



Idolatrous ( 



of 



] 2. Moloch. 



Chapter VIIL— (6>Tnedo-FersTa. 



I. Loca- 
tion AND 
Size. 



II. Important 
Colonial Divis 

IONS. 



III. Politi- 
cal His- 
tory. 



East of Babylonia. 

Extent, from the Caspian Sea and Parthia 
and from the Persian Gulf to the Cauca- 
sus Mts. 

About six times as larg-eas Texas at first, 
but afterwards became larg-er. 
f 1. Eg-ypt. f 5. Thrace. 

2. Babylonia. j 6. Macedonia. 

3. Assyria. { 7. Part of Scythia. 

4. Lydia. [ 8. Ionian Cities. 
1. Earl}^ History. 

f 1. Cyaxares, 625 



1. Median 
Supremacy 
] (625 B. C. to 
558 B. C. 



B. C. to 585 B. 
C. 
2. Kinsfs. 1 2. Astvag-es, 585 
B. C. to 585 
B. C. 
Rise of Persia. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



21 



III 



Po- 
litical 
History 
— Con't. 



III. Po- 
litical 
History 
— Con't. 



2. Persian 

Supremacy 
(558 B. C. to 
330 B. C. 



1. Cyrus 
(558 B. C. 
to 529 B. 

C.) 



Camby- 

ses, (529 
to 522 B. 

C.) 



Darius 
I.(521B. 
C. to 486 

B. C.) 



Oyerthrow 

Astj^ag-es, 
Defeats 

Croesus 
Captures 

Babylon 
His Death. 
Conquers 

Eg-ypt 
The Libyan 

Expedition 

The Smerdis 

Affair 

1 



Cap 

itals 



Susa. 
Perse- 
polis. 



Grecian Wars. 
His Work. 



2. Persi- 
an Supre- 
macy (558 
B. C. to 
330 B. C. 



4. Xerxes 
I. (486 B. 
C. to 465 
B. C.) 

5. Artax- 
erxes I. 
(465 B. C. 
to 425 B. 

, C.) 



3. For- 

eig"n Su- 
premacy. 



. Other 
( King's. 
< 1. Greece. 
( 2. Rome. 



1. Crushes Eastern 

Revolt. 
- '^ Second War with 

Greece. 
His Work. 

Decline of the Em- 
pire. 
The 10,000 Greeks. 

Pseudo-Smerdis, 
522 B. C. 

2. Xerxes II. 425 B. C. 
-I 3. Sog-dianus 424 B. C. 

4. Darius II. 424 B. C. 

5. Artaxerxes II. 405 B. 

C. 



2. 
'l. 



22 



OUTLINBS OF GKNERAL HISTORY 



6. Other Kinafs. 



6. Artaxerxes III. 359 

B. C. 

7. Arses, 338 B. C. 



Da- 
rius 
III. 
336 
B.C. 
to 
330 
B.C. 



Alexander's 
Invasion. 
1. Gra- 
nicus 
2.1s- 
sus. 
3. Ar- 
bela. 



2. Bat 
ties. 



IV. Civili- 
zation. 



1. Noted 
because 
they 



2. The 

Kingfs. 



Ate but one meal each day. 
Drank wine instead of water. 
Wrote from left to rig-ht. 
Wrote on rocks and prepared 

skins. 
Wore massive g-old collars, 

etc. 
Plated their tables with gold 

and silver. 
Depended upon numbers in 

fiSfht. 



8. 



9. 



Emulated the 
Virtues. 

Kept the wo-- 
men in seclu- 
sion. 



1. Riding-. 

2. Drawing 
the Bow. 

3. Truth. 



1. Had 15,000 servants and 

more. 

2. A g-org-eous court. 

3. Had Spies, called "King-'s 

Eyes" and "King-'s Ears." 

4. Got drunk once each year 

for public exhibition. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



23 



3. 



The 

Soldiers. 



1. Infantry. 



2. Cavalry. 



r 1. Used bow and 
arrows, swords, 
battle axes and 
sling-s. 
2. Wore leather 
tunic and trous- 
ers, low boots 
and felt cap. 

1. Used leather 
thong's and jav- 
elins. 

2. Wore metal 
coats of mail. 



Their Architecture was placed on Palaces 
and Tombs. 



5. Literature. 



6. Education. 



IV. Civili- 
zation. -1 
Continued. 



7. Reli- 
Sfion. 



i 1. Nature. 

] 2. Book-Zend-Avesta. 



State. 

Dependence on colonies 
for manufactures. 

1. Founded by 

Zoroaster. 

2. Nature, a dualism ob- 

served. 



1. Zoro 
astrian- ^ 
ism. 



Prin' 
cipal 
Gods. ^ 



1. Ormazd — 
God, Good or 

Lig-htness. 

2. Ahriman — 
God of Evil 
or Darkness. 



Worshiped both these 
Gods. 



24 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



IV. Civili- 
zation. 
Continued. 



2. Mag-- 
ianism. 



1. Fire. 

2. Air. J All 

3. Earth. 1 Worshiped. 
[ 4. Water [ 



I. Geo- 
graphical 
Divisions. 



CKapter IX.- 



3. 



North- 
ern 
Greece. 



Central 
Greece. 



Southern 
Greece, 
(or Pele- 
ponnes- 

us). 



-(7) Greece. 

Districts. 



( 1. Thessaly. 
] 2. Epirus. 

1. Olympus. 

2. Ossa and 
Pelion, (a) 

3. Cambrarian 
Rang-e. 

Oracle of Zeus, (a) 

f 1. Phocis. 



Moun- 
tains 



2. Boetia. 

3. Attica and 
eight others. 

1. Parnassus, 
(b) 

2. Helicon. 
3; Hymettes. 

4. Pentelicus. 

5. Pindus 
Rang-e. 

Delphian Oracle (b) 

1. Accaia. 



1. Districts. 



Moun- 
tains 



I 2. Arg-olis. 
1. Districts. J 3. Accadia. 
I 4. Messenia. 
5. Lacadaemon, 
and 6 others. 
Very Mountainous. 
II. Location and SiZE-Directly East of N. Y. and same size 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



25 



III. Principal 

Islands. ' 



IV. Po- 
litical - 
History 



r 1- 

2. 
■-> 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 



(1500 B. 
C. to 776 J 
B. C.) 
1. Heroic 
Aofe. 



2. Forma- 
tive Pe- 
riod (776 
B. C. to 
500B.C.) 



Delos. 

Cyclades. 

Ionian Islands. 

Euboa. 

Corcyra. 

Ithaca, (Ulyses born here.) 

Cythera, (Venus sprang- up here.) 

Crete, (Minos, lawyer.) 

Lesbos. 

Sam OS. 

Rhodes. 

Troy. 

1. Arg-onautic Expedition— (Golden 

Fleece.) 

2. The Trojan War. 

3. The Dorian Migration (1104 B. C.) 

4. Homer's Poems -j i' Ji'^^"^* 
( 2. Udyssey. 

The Amphyctonic Council. 

The Olympic Era. 

Thirty Tyrants. 

Spartan Conquests in the South. 

Eg-ypt open to Commerce. 

I 1. Draco. 



3. Persi- 
an Wars 

(500 B. C. 
to 479 B ^ 

C.) 



Growth of 

Athenian 

Constitution. 



J 



2. Solon. 

3. Pisistratus. 
^4. Clisthenes. 

6. Growth of Spartan Constitution 
under the laws of Lycurg-us. 

1. Marathon. 

2. Miltiades. 
, 3. Result. 

Preparation of Xerxes — 490 B. C. 
and on. 



Darius in- 
vades Greece. 



( 1. Thermopylae. 
Second War^ 2. " ' 



I 3. 



Salamis. 
Platea. 



26 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



IV. Po- 
litical 
Histo- 
ry. — 
Con't. 



Athenian Leadership— 479 B. C. to 431 B. C. 

( 1. Ag-e of Pericles. 
] 2. Athenian Walls. 



Peloponnesian 
War (431 B. 
C. to 404 B. 

C.) 



Spartan- 
Theban 
Suprema- 
cy (404 B. 
C. to 368 
B. C.) 



1. Persia helps Sparta. 

2. Syracuse (413 B. C.) 

) 3. Aeg-ospotami (405 B. C.) 
14. The Result. 

Persian Influeace chang^es. 
Peace of Antalcidas 387 B. C. 
Cnidus. 

Leuctra 371 B. C. 
Thebes in Power. 



7. Mace- 
donian 
Suprema- 
cy (358 
B. C. to 
301 B.C.) 



f 1. In Illyrica. 
. Philip, s J 2. Aeg-ean Sea. 

Con- ] 3. Part in Sacred War. 
quests. [ 4. Result. 
. The "Philippics" (346 to 340 B. C.) 
. War ag"ainst Locrians, (340 B. C.) 
. Cheronea, [338 B. C] [ander. 

. Cong-ress at Corinth chooses Alex- 

1. Granicus, [333 B. C] 

2. Captures Lydia. 

3. Takes Ephesus. 

4. Issus, [332 B. C] 
["1. Damascus. 



His 

Con- 
quests. 



7. The 
Result. 



5. Takes J, 



2. Sidon. 



. Battle 
of Ipsus 
(301 B. 
C.) 



. 3. Tyre. 

[4. Eg-ypt. 
Founds Alexandria. 

j 1. Alexandria. 
2. Babylon. 
Arbella, (331 B. C] 
Goes to India. 



7. Takes 

8. 
9. 



10. Marriaare and Death. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



27 



IV. Po- 
litical j 
History ' 
— Con't. 



. Divi- 
sion of 
Alexan- 
der's 
King- 
dom 
Among 
his Gen- 
erals, 
[323 B. 
C. to 
30B.C.] 



1. Ptolem-v^ 



2. Cas- 
sander 



3. Lysi- 
machus. 



Sele- 
ucus. 



I' 1. Egypt. 

I 2. Ruled bv the family 

'1 until 30 B. C. 

L 3. Con quered by Rome. 

1. Macedonia. 

2. Greece. [B. C] 

( 1. LamnianWar, [321 
■I 2. Antipater. 
( 3. Gauls, 279 B. C. 

3. Taken by Rome [146 

B. C] 
.1. Thrace and Asia Minor. 
2. Taken bvSeleucus, [281 

B. C.]^ 
.. The East. 
!. India and S^a'ia. 
;. Magnesia, [190 B. C] 
•. Con. by Rome, [63 B. C] 



V. Civili- 
zation. 



1. Ate at a Public Mess. 



2. Were^ 



1. Noted 
because- 
they 



3. Had. 



Philosophers. 

Scientists. 

Orators. 

Authors. 

Inventors. 

Discoverers. 

Architects. 

Warriors. 



f 1. Festivals. 

2. Olympic Games. 

3. Gladiatorial 

Combats. 

4. Theatrical 

Performances. 



28 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



V. Civili- 
zation. — - 
Continued 



!. The 
Schools 
of Phi- 
losophy. 



3. 



Educa- 
tion. 



4. Invented the Sun-dial. 

5. Made discoveries in Geology 

and Mathematics. 



1. Academic founded by Plato. 

2. Peripatetic founded by 

Aristotle. 

3. Epicurean, founded by 

Epicurus. 
_ 4. Stoic, founded by Zeno. 



1. Writing- 
Materials. 



4. 



5. 



1. The Papyrus. 

2. Parchment. 
^ 3. Wax Tablets. 

Libraries become fashionable. 

1. Manners. 

2. Rhythms. 

3. Gymnastics. 

4. Aesthetic Educa- 
tion. 

1. Adroitness. 

2. Skillfulness. 

3. Military Tactics. 

4. y)/ar//a/ Educa- 
tion. 



In 
Athens. 

In 

Sparta. 

Birth of 
the Dra- 
ma. 



f "Z. ( 1. Parthenon. 

4. Styles 1. Dorian. X 2. Temple of Zeus, 
of Arch- ( [Jupiter.] 

itecture, -I 2. Ionic — Temple of Diana at 
and Ex- ^;r^ Ephesus. 

amples. 3. Corinthian — Chorag-ic Monu- 
D ment of Lysicrates in Athens. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



29 



VI. Re- 
ligion. 



'Sl 

OJ 
C/} 

'a 

o 
O 

o 
O 









O 
1. 

2. 



Greek. 

Zeus. 
Hera. 



3. Poseidon. 

4. Demeter. 



5. Hestia. 



Hephrae- 

stus. 
Ares. 
Athena. 



9. Aphrodite 



10. Apollon. 



11. Artemus. 



12. Hermes. 



Latin. 



Jupiter. 
Juno. 



Neptune. 

Ceres. 

Vesta. 

Vulcan. 

Mars. 
Minerva. 

Venus. 

Apollo. 

Diana. 

Mercury. 



Definitions. 

Supreme God. 

Queen of the 
skies — wife of 
Jupiter. 

Ruled over the 
Sea. 

Goddess of Ag- 
riculture. 

Goddess of the 
Domestic 

Hearth. 

God of Thund- 
er and Fires. 

God of War. 

Goddess of 

Wisdom. 

Goddess of 
Love and 
Beauty. 

God of Poetry 
and Song-. 

Goddess of the 
chase. 

God of Cunning- 
[ and eloquence. 



Feast 
God. 



3. The 
Muses. 



Dionysus 

1. Clio — History. 
3. Melhomene — 

Trag-edy. 

3. Thalia — Comedy. 

4. Calliope — Epic Poetry. 

5. Urania — Astronomy. 

6. Enterpe — Music. 



Bacchus, -s God of Wine. 



All daug-h- 
ters of 
Zeus and 
Mesonme, 
(memory) 
who con- 
trolled 



30 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL IHSTORY 



3. The 

Muses. 
Cont'd. 



7. Polyhymnia — Oratory, f these g-ifts 

8. Erato — Love Songs. J and met on 

9. Terpsichore^ } Mt. Par- 

Dancing-. [ nassus. 



I 



1. Brig-htness. 
4. The Three Graces of -I 2. Color. 

( 3. Perfume. 



VI. Religion. 
Cont'd. 



5. The Three Fates who spun the Thread 
of Life. 



6. The Three Furies who pursued crimi- 
nals. 



7. The Three Hesperides, daug-hters of 
Atlas, in whose g-arden the golden ap- 
ples grew, and who held the world on 
his back. 



^ 



8. Nature of 



f 
1. They worshiped all 

these gods, &c., and 

others. 



2. Believed in oracles, 
prophecies and 
dreams. 



3. General character — 

Mythological. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
VII. NOTED MEN AND WOMEN. 



31 



o 


Centu- 
ries B.C 


Name. 


Where 

born? 


Cause of Fame, &c. 


1 


8th 
7th 


Hesiod. 


Boetia 


A Poet. 


2 


Anaximander 


Sardis 


Poet. Invents Sun-dial. 


3 




Periaiider 


Corinth 


A Tyrant. 


4 6th 


Pvthagoras ... 


Samos 


'lYaveller cind Mathematician. 


Ol 


Sappho 


Lesbos 


pietess. 


6 


Solon 


Athens 


Lawyer and Poet. 


7 




Thales 


Miletus 


Astronomer and Philosopher. 


s 


5th 


Aesdwlus 

Aeschine.s 


Athens 


Author, (60 Tragedies.) 


9 


same ..... 


Orator. 


10 




Plato 


sam.e 


Teach er — D i a.log-ues. 


11 




Socrates 


same .. .. 


Teacher — Philosopher, ■ 


12 


4th 


Ari.ytides. ., 


same 


General and Party Leader.- 


13 




Aristophanes. 


same 


Author, (40 Comedies.) 


14 




Demosthenes .. 


same 


Orator — ( 'Philippics. ") 


15 




Euripides. . . . 


same 


Author, (75 ragedies.) 


16 




E p a m i n on das 


Theba 


General. 


17 




Herodotus 


Asia Minor 


Historian-- 'Father of History. ' ' 


18 




Pericles 


Athens 


( >rator and General, [thenon. 


19 




Phidias 


same 


Architect — Desig-ns the Par- 


20 




Sophodes 


same 


.\utiior, (70 Trag"edies.) 


21 




Themistodes .. 


same 


General — Hero of Athenians. 


T-) 




' hucvdides . . 


same 


Historian. 


23 




Xenophon 


same 


Historian and General. 


24 




Diogenes 


mope 


Philosopher.. 


25 




Epicurus. . . 


■^amos 


Teacher and Philosopher. 


26 


3rd 


Hippocrates... 


Corinth 


Physician. 


27 




Archimedes ... 


Syracuse. . . 


inventor and Philosopher. 


28 




Euclid 




Teacher at Alexandria. 


29 




Epicurus 


■-^amos 


Teacher and Philosopher. 


30 




Aristotle 


Macedonia., 


Peacher and Philosopher, 
taught Alexander the Great. 


31 




Theocritus 


Syracuse.... 


Poet. 


32 




Georgias 


Sicily 


Orator. 



33. For others, see outline on Political History. 



32 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



Chapter X. — (S) Rome. 







f 


fl- 


Istria. 






2. 


Venetia. 




1. Northern - 


3. 


Cisalpine 


I. Geographical 
Divisions. 


Italy. 


\t 


Gaul. 
Lig-uria. 
Etruria. 






1. 


Umbria. 




2. Central 


2. 


Sabini. 




{1. A Penin- 


Italy. 


3. 


Picenum. 




sula in 




4. 


Latium. 




Southern 




5. 


Vestini. 


II. Loca- 


Europe. 
2. It is 2700 




6. 


Campania 
Samnium. 


tion AND 


miles long- 








Size. 


and 1000 


3. Southern 


1. 


Apulia. 




miles, av- 


Italy. - 


2. 


Lapvg"ia. 




er ag-e 




3. 


Lucania. 




breath. 




4. 


Bruttium. 



H 
X 

H 
H 
< 

<l 

s 

O 
O 



1. 


Spain. 


7. 


Bavaria. 


13. 


Servia. 


2. 


Portugal. 


8. 


Switzerland. 


14. 


Turkey. 


3. 


France. 


9. 


Italy, 


15. 


Greece. 


4. 


Belgium. 


10. 


Austria. 


16. 


Asia Minor 


5. 


Holland. 


11. 


H ung-ary . 


17. 


Syria. 


6. 


Russia 
(part of) 


12. 


Russia 
1 part of) 


18. 


Palestine. 


19. 


Eg-ypt. 


20. 


Tripoli. 


21. 


Tunis. 


oo_ 


Algeria. 


23. 


Morocco. 


24. 


Idumea. 


25! 


Britanny. 











to 

O 

< 

B' 

o 

Hi 
O 

O 
o 
< 



OUTLINBS OF GENERAL HISTORY 



33 



fi. ; 


j^truscans. 


Early J ^ t- i (1. Latins. 
Races. ^ -.-^^^1-1 Umbro-Sa 
( bellians. 




1. Umbr-ans. 




2. Oscans. 


- 


3. Sabeins. 




4. Samnites. 




5. Sabellians. 



'. Location of Rome, (city.) 
6. The Seven King-s. 

4. Servian Constitution. 

5. Patricians and Plebeians. 

6. Etruscan Conquest. 



' 1. On I 1. Aventine. 



1. The 

III. PoLiTi- i First 

CAL -| Empire, - 

History. (753 B. 

C. to 509 

B. C.) 



2. Lo- 
cation 

of 
Rome. 



the 
Seven 
^ Hills. ^ 4. 
5. 
2. The 



3. 
Kingfs 



Fable 



1. The 
Seven 
Kinsfs 



Capitoline. 

Aesquiline. 

Palatine. 

Caelian. 

Viminal. 



7. Ouirinal. 



1 



2. Sto- 
ries. 



Romulus. 

Numa Hosti- 
lius. 

Tullius. 

Ancus Mar- 
tins. 

Tarquinthe 

Elder. 

Servius Tul- 
lius. 



4. Servian Constitution. 

5. Patricians and Plebeians. 

6. Etruscan Conquest. 



34 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



III. Politi- 
cal 
History. 
Cont'd. 



I The 
Repub- 
lic, (509 
C. to 30 
B. C.) 



1. 

Wars 
for 

Exist- 
ence, 

(509 B. 
C. to 

343 B. 



3. 

"Wars 
for 

For- 
eig'n 

Pos- 
ses- 
sion 
of 

Italy, 

(343'to 

264 B. 

C.) 



f 1. The first consuls. 

2. Secession of Plebians. 

3. Tribunes and Censors. 

1. Coriolanus. 

4. Patriots 2. Cincin- 
and He- -l natus. 

roes. 

3. Horatius. 

5. The Decemvirs, (451 

B. C.) 

6. The Gauls in Rome, 
(390 B. C.) 



L 



1. First Samnite War, 

(343 to 341 B. C.) 

2. Great Latin War, 

(340 to 338 B. C.) 

3. Second Samnite War, 

<! (326 to 304 B. C.) 

4. Third Samnite War, 

(208 to 290 B. C.) 

5. "Pyrrhic i 1. Heraclea 
War, "(280^ 2. Benevu- 
to 276 B.C.) ( turn. 



3. Wars 
for For- 
eig-n Do- 
minion. 

(264 B.C. 
to 133 B. 

C.) 



1. The first Punic War, 

(294 to 241 B. C.) 
l.Tiebia— 218B. C. 

2. The 2. Trasimenus — 
Sec- 217 B.C. 
ond 3. Caunae— 216B. C. 

Punic, 4. Size of Capua. 
War, I 5. Metaurus — 
(218 to 207 B.C. 

201 B. 6. Zama— 202 B. C. 
C. ) 7. Hannibal. 

8. Scipio. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



35 



III. Po- 
litical 
History 
— Coti'td. 



2. The 
Repub- 
lic, (509 
B. C. to 
30B.C.) 
Cont'd. 



3. 

Wars 

for 
For- 
eig"n 
Do- 
min- 
ion, 
(264 to 
133 B. 
C.) 



4. 

Civil 
Wars, 
(133B. 

C. to 

30 B. 

C.) 



Second Macedonian 

War— 200 to 197 B. C. 
Battle of Mag"nesia — 

190 B. C. 



5. The Ma- 
cedonian 
War (171 J 
to 168 B 
C.) 

6. The 
Third 
Punic 
War, 
(149 to 
146 B. 
C. 



Pvdna— 

168 B. 

Result. 



fl- 



J 7 



c. 



Tibe- 
rius. 
Cains. 



Fall of Car- 
thage — 146 B. 
C. 

Fall of Co- 
rinth— 146 B. 
C. 

Results. 
7. Tiberius Gracchus. 

1. Servile war in Sicilv — 

133 to 132 B. 

2. Public Lands. 

3. Reforms ( 1. 

of the -l 
Gracchi. ( 2. 

4. War with Jug-urtha — 

111 to 106 B. C. 

5. Cimbri and Teutonic 

Invasion — 101 B. C. 

6. Social War ( 1. Marius. 
—91 to 89 B.C. ] 2. Sulla. 

7. First Mithridactic War. 

8. Pompey in Spain. 

9. War of Gladiators. 

10. War with Mediterra- 
nean Pirates^ — 66 B. C. 

11. Second Mithridactic 

V/ar— 66 to 63 B. C. 

12. Cataline's Conspiracy. 



36 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



2. The 
Repub- 
lic, (509 
B. C. to 

30 B.C.) 
Cont'd. 



III. Politi- 
cal 
History. 
Cont'd. 



4. 

Civil 
Wars, 
(133B. 

C. to 

30 B. 

C.) 



13. First 
Trium- 
viate — -{ 
60 B.C. 



14. Sec- 
ond 
Trium. 
viate — 
43 B. C. ^ 



.1. 
Men 



1. Cassar 
2.Pom- 

pey- 



The Sec- 
ond Em- 
pire — 30 

B. C. to 476 

A. D. 



1. Reig-n of 
Aug-ustus— 
30B. C. to 
14 A. D. 



2. 



3. Cras- 
sus. 

2. Pharsalus. 

3. Result. 
1. Au- 

1. gustus. 
Men 2. Anto- 
ny. 

Lepi- 
dus. 

2. Philippi. 

3. Actium — 

31 B. C. 

4. Results. 



1. Extentofhis 
King-dom. 

2. Defeat of Va- 
rus— 9 A. D. 

3. His Public 
Works. 

4. Birth of 
Christ. 

Reig-n of Tiberius — 14 to 37 
A. D. 

\ 1. Death of Christ. 
} 2. Other Events. 

3. Reign of Calig-ula — 37 to 41 

A. D. 

4. Claudius— 41 to 54 A. D. 

5. Nero— j 1. Great Fire. 
54to68A.D. \ 2. Cruelty. 

6. Galba, Otho, Vitella— 68 to 

69 A. D. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



37 



III. Politi- 
cal His- 
tory. 
Cont'd. 



3. The 
Second 
Empire 
— 30B. 
C. to 
476 A. 
D. 
Cont'd. 



7. Ves- ( 1. Jesusalem captured. 

pasian. •< 2. Eruption of Vesu- 
— 69 79. ( vius. 

8. Titus— 79 to 81 A. D. 

9. Domitian— 81 to 06 A. D. 



10. TheGood 
Emperors^ ^' 
—96 to 180 ^• 
A. D. 



Nerva. 
Trajan. 
Hadrian. 
Autonius Pius. 
Autonius — Mar- 
cus Aurelius. 



11. Commodus— 180 to 192 A. D. 

1. Public Sale of Em- 
pire. 

2. Septimus Serverus. 

3. Caracalla. 
Alexander Serverus. 
Thirty Tyrants— 

251 to 258 A. D. 
Fall of Palmyra. 



12. The 
Barrack 
Emper- 
ors — 
192 to 
284 A. 
D. 



Illy- 
rian 
Em- 
per- 
ors — 
268to 

284 
A. D. 



Claudius. 

Aurelius. 

Probus. 

Diocletian. 

Maximian. 



13. Diocletian— 284 to 305 A. D. 



14 



. Con- 
stan- 
tine — 
305 to 
337 A. 
D. 



1. Nicene Creed— 325 

A. D. 

2. Constantinople. 

3. State Relig-ion. 

4. Absolutism. 



3'8 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



III. Politi- 
cal 
History. 
Continued. 



3. The 
Second 
Empire 
—SOB. 
C. to 
476 A. 
D. 
Cont'd. 



15. Julian, the Apostate — 361 to 
363 A. D. 



16. Valentinian ( 1. Barbarians. 

and Valens — ■< 
■ 363 to 379 A. D. 2. Goths. 



17. Theodo- 
sius the 
Great — 

379 to 395 

A. D. 



18. Honorius 



1. Division of Em- 

pire. 

2. Last Triumph. 

3. Gladiatorial 

Combats. 

' 1. Alaric. 

2. The Ransom. 

3. Stilicho. 

4. AVestern Empire 

seized. 

5. Eastern Empire. 



1. The 
Huns. 



2. The 

I Van- 

19. The I dais. 

Barb a- - 

rians. 

Its 

Down- 
fall— 
476 B. 
C. 



1. Attila. 

2. Chalons — 
451 A. D. 

1. Genseric. 

2. Vandal- 

ism. 

1. Romulus 
Aug-ustulus 

2. Zeno, 

Emp. of 
East. 

3. Odoacer, 
Patrician. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



39 



1. Kinds of Civilization. 



[ 1. Latin. 
■I 2. Greek, 
( 3. Oriental. 



IV. 



Civili- 
zation. 



Population at its g-reatest extent, 

1,000,000,000 people. 
' 1. 20 miles of Walls pierced 
with 30 Gates. 

2. The Colisseum. 

3. The Capitol. 

4. Circus Maximus. 

5. The Forum. 



3. Rome had 



Temple of Janus. 

' 1. Aqueducts 

2 



5. The Peo- 
ple are noted 
for their 



Baths. 

3. Cruel King's. 

4. Orators. 

5. Generals. 

6. Slaves.- 

7. Dress and Food. 



Litera- 
ture. 



1. They wrote with the stylus 

on parchment and skins. 

2. Authors \ 

and no- 1. Virg-il — "Aenid" 



ted books 



7. Religion, (See 

Greece.) 

8. They copied and 

borrowed many 
customs from 
Greece and else- 
where. 



2. Sallust — "Jugur- 
thine War." 

3. Caesar — "Com- 
mentaries." 

4. Horace — Poet. 

5. Livv. 

6. Pliiiy. 

7. Tacitus. 

8. Catullus. 

9. Cicero. 



40 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
VI.— GREAT MEN. 



2 

o 


Dates. 


Names, 


Birth and Circum- 
stances. 


Cause of Fame. 


1 

2 


B. C. 3d 

Century 

2d cent. 


Regulus 

Scipio Afri- 

canns 

Marcellus. . . . 
Fabius Maxi- 

mus 


Rome — Patrician. 
Rome — Pat 


Consul and General. 
Victor of Zama (201 B. C.) 


3 
4 


Rome — Plebeian.. 
Rome — Patrician. 
Apulia — Free 


Gen. Conquered Syracuse 

Consul — "Delayer of 

Hannibal." 
Translator of Greek Dra- 


S 


Ennius 


6 




Andronicus . . 


Tarentum — Slave 


mas. 
Presented the first Dra- 


7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


1st cent. 

A.D. 1st 
Century 


Cato, the El- 
der 

Planutus 

Polybius 

Scipio, the 
Young-er 

Terence 


Rome — Plebeian .. 

Umbria — Free 

Greece — Free 

Rome — Patrici an. 

Carthage — Slave . 

Utica — Plebeian.. 

Rome — Latin 

Sicily — Greek 

Assyria — Greek . . . 
Phrygia — Slave... 

Apulia — Free 

A Greek Jew 

Padua — Eatin 

Italy — Latin 

Spain — Latin 

Gaul — Latin 

Spain — Latin .... 

Mantua — Free 

Verona — Free 


Censor, Orator and 

Author. 
Wrote 21 Latin Comedies 
"Universial History." 

Conquers Carthage and 

Spain, 
Author — Latin Comedies 


12 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 


Cato, the 

Younger.. 

Agrippa 

Diodorus 

Dionysius 

Epictetus 

Horace 


Orator and General un- 
der Pompey. 

General and Surveyor. 

"General History." 

History and Rhetoric. 

Philosopher. 

Latin Satires and Poems 


18 
19 


Josephus 

Livy 

Ovid 


Historian of Judea. 
"History of Rome." 
Poet- "Metamorphoses." 
Lav^yer, Orator and 
Rhetorician. 

Wrote on Natural Science 


21 

22 


Quintillian. ... 

Pliny, the El- 
der 


^,3 


Seneca 


Philosophical Author. 
Poet— "The Aeneid. " 
Architect — Inspector for 
Augustus. 


24 

25 


Virgil 

Vitrurius .... 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 
VI.— GREAT MRN.— Continued. 



41 



^ 






Birth and Circum- 






Dates. 


Names. 


stances. 


Cause of Fame. 


26 


2d cent. 


Apulerlus 


Africa — Slave 


Author — "Golden Ass." 


27 




Arrian 


Asia — Greek 


Author — "Alexander and 
His Succes.sors." 


28 




Galen 


Pergamos — Greek 


Physician of M. Aurelius 


29 




Justin Martvr 


Samaria — Greek. 


Philosopher. 


^0 




Juve ' al 


Italy — Free 






A. D. 2d 






31 


Century 


Plutarch 


Roetia — Greek. . . . 


Biographical Author. 


32 




Ptolmsy 


Eg3Tt — Greek 


Mathematician — "Alma- 

gest." 


33 




Plinv, the 










Young-er 


Gaul — Latin 


Lawyer — Descriptive 
Letters. 


3-1 




Tacitus 


Italy — Latin 




35 


3d cent. 


St. Clement ... 


Alexandria — 
Greek 


Author — Christian Doc- 










trine. 


36 




St. Cyprian... 


Carthag-e — Latin.. 


Father of the Poor. 


^7 




Origen 


Alexandria — 


Author — Theology and 
Literature. 








Greek 


38 




Porphyry .... 


Syria — Greek 


Opposed Christianity. 


39 




Tertullian 


Carthag-e — Latin.. 


An Ascetic, Argued aga- 
inst Paganism. 


40 




Ulpian 


Tvre — Latin 




41 


4th cent. 


St. Ambrose... 


(.xaul — Latin 


Commentaries and Ser- 
mons. 


42 




St. Anthony... 


Eg-ypt — Latin 


Author and Lawyer — 
Father of Monasticism. 


40 




Arius 


Egypt — Greek 










Arian Heresy. 


43 




Athanasius ... 


Egypt — Greek 


Author — Defends Ortho- 
doxy. 


43 




St. Au,g-ustine 


Numidia — Latin. . 


Bishop — Theology and 
Rhetoric. 


44 




Constantine ... 


Moesia — Latin. . . 


Emp. Founder of Con- 
stantinople. 


45 




St. Basil 


Cappadocia — 
Greek 


Teacher and Founder of 










Houses of Refuge and 










Orphanages. 



42 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



VI.— GREAT MEN.— Continued. 



o 


Dates. 


Names. 


Birth and Circum- 
stances. 


Cause of Fame. 


46 

47 
47 


5th cent. 
See ou 


St. Chrysos- 
tom 

St. Jerome 

Julian 


Antioch — Greek ... 

— Latin 

Greece — Greek 
Nephew of Con- 
stantine 


Preacher and Author — 

Commentaries. 
Translates the Bible into 

Latin. 




Theodosius. ... 
Qlfilas 


Emperor and Author — 
Attacks Christianity. 

Emp. and Lawyer — 

" Cheodosian Code." 
Missionary — Translates 


48 


Son of Julian — 
Latin 


4Q 


A Goth 

A Visig"oth 


SO 


Alaric. ( Bar- 
Attila. 1 ba- 
Gen- 'l ri- 
seric. (^ ans. 
Leo I. 


Bible into Gothic. . 
Kin"" and General. 


bl 


A Hun 


Leader and General. 


52 


A Vandal 

Rome — Latin 

A Teuton 


General from Africa. 

Pope and Author — Ser- 
mons, &c. 
"Patrician of Italy." 
General. 


=^4 


Odoacer 


S"; 


Stilicho 


Rome — Latin 

Rome — Latin 

Rome — Latin 

ure for others. 


56 

57 


St. Patric 

Zosimus 

tline of Literat 


Author Roman Alphabet 
Historian and Lawyer. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



43 



CKapter XI* — THedfaeval l^Tstor/* 



I. Dates. 



II. The 

Teu- 
tons. 



III. 



Byzan- 
tium. 



IV> Moham- 
medanism 
and the 
Saracens. 



1. Dark Ag-es— from 476 A. D. to 1100 A. D. 

2. Dawn— from 1100 A. D. to 1500 A. D. 

1. Ostrog-oths — ( 1. Odoacer. 
493-554. ] 2. Theodoric. 

2. Visig-oths — 415-711 — Roderic. 

3. The Burg-undians— 443-534. 
r 1. Genseric. 

^^,s_-, . y^ ! 2- In Italy. 
Divi- ^^t,^ "^"^^ 1 3. Defeated by Beli- 
sions. [^ sarius. 

5. Meroving-ians — 486to752 — Clovis 

6. Lombards — 568 to 774. 

7. Ang-lo-Saxons in Britain — 827. 
I 1. In France. 



The Van- 
dals— 429- 



8. Northmen. 



14. 



In England. 
In Russia. 
In Iceland. 



I 2. Trebonian. 
His Character. 
Battle of Nineveh. 



Conversion to Christianity. 
Formation of Romance Langfuages. 
Reign of Justinian \ 1. Roman Law. 

527-565. " 
Reign of Hera- \ 1 
clius— 610-641. ] 2 
Estern Empire passes to the Greeks. 
Downfall of Constantinople — 1453. 
Birth of Mohammed — 571. 
The Hegira— 622. 

j 1. Doctrines. 
\ 2. The "Koran." 
Death of Mohammed— 632. 
Conquests of the Saracens. 

( 1. 'Chas Martel 
Battle of Tours— 732 



3. The Religion. 

4. 

5. 



The Ottoman Empire. 
Saracen Divisions. 



2. Loss of Men— 
375,000. 



44 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



V. Charle- 
magne. 



1. His Birth— 742. 

2. Becomes King- — 768. 

3. Org-anizes Holy Roman Empire — 800. 

4. His Death— 814. 

5. His Works. 

^ 1. Treaty of Verdun — 

6. His King-dom. < 843. 

2. Division. 



VI. The Crusades. 



1. 


Greater 


Crusades. 






o 


Dates. 


Leaders. 


Objects. 


Results. 






Peter, the Hermit. 




Captured Antioch, Nice 


1 


1096 to 


Walter the Penni- 
less. 


Rescue the 
Holy Sepul- 


and Jerusalem. 




1099. 


Godfrey of Bouil- 
lon. 
Duke of Lorraine. 


cher. 


A Latin Kingdom. 


2 


1147 to 


St. Bernard. 
Conrad III, Louis 


Defend the 
Sacred 


Defeated in Asia Minor. 




1149. 


VII. 


Place. 




3 


1189 to 


Frederick B a r- 


Recovery of 


Captured Acre. 






barossa. 


Jerusalem 


The "Truce." 






Philip Augfustus. 


from Sala- 






1192. 


Richard I. 


din. 




4 


1202 to 


Alexius. 


Directed aga- 


Its capture. Twice held, 




1204. 




inst Con- 


but rercaptured in 1261 








stantinople. 


by Greeks. 


2. Children's Crusade and Results. 




3. Lesser Crusades. 




5 


1216 to 


King-s of Hungary 


To Conquer 


Nothing. 




1220. 


and Cyprus. 


Egypt. 




6 


1227 to 


Frederick II. 


Same as 2nd 


Secured restoration of 




1229. 




Crusade. 


Jerusalem. 


7 


1249 to 


St. Louis IX. 


Set upaKing-- 


Nothing. 




1254. 




domin Africa. 


Louis dies in Egypt. 


8 


1270 to 


Louis IX. 


Africa and 


Edward captures 




1272. 


Edward I. 


Palestine. 


Nazareth. A Treaty. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



45 



VII. The 
Hundred 

Years 
War. 

(1336- 

1453.) 



Events 



3. Battle 
of Poi- 
tiers — 
1356. 

4 

5, 



1. Cause — Lands of England in France. 

1. Battle of Crecy— 1346. 

2. Capture of Calais by the Eng-lish 
' 1. Edward VI. 

2. French. 
( 1. John. 
"I 2. Philip. 

3. Result. 
^ ^*_ . J 4. Battle of Ag-incourt— 1415. 

Sieg-e of Orleans — 1429. 
\ 1. Joan of Arc. 
\ 2. The Dauphin Crowned 
Joan of Arc burned — 1431. 
Eng-lish Reverses. 

( 1. Bretignv— 1360. 
Treaties -< 2. Troyes— 1419. 
( 3. Arras— 1435. 
3. Summary. 

1. Dispute as to the Title to the 
Crown by the Houses of York 
and Lancaster. 
Why so called? 
Battle of St. Albans— 1455. 
Battle of Blore Heath— 1459. 
Wakefield and Towton— 1461. 
J 4. Hexham— 1464. 
Events. 5. Barnet — 1471. 

Bosworth Field— 1485. 
[7. Warwick, the King- maker." 
' 1. 12 Princes. 
2. 200 Nobles. 
Sum- ^ England] 3. 100,000 people, 
mary. [4. Much money. 

House of Lancaster 
Regains the Throne. 

( 1. France. 4. Russia. 
IX. Rise of Modern Nations. ■< 2. Spain. 5. Germany 

( 3. Italy. 6. England. 



VIII. War 

OF THE 

Roses — 
1455-1485 



1. Cause- 



1. Cost 
Enofland 



2. Result. 



46 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTOR\ 



France 
—987 to 
1498. 



1. Cape- 
tian 
Period 

—987 
1328. 



2. House 
of Va- 

lois — 

1328— 

1498. 



1. Acquisition of English Ter- 

ritory — 1066, 

2. Holy Wars for Recovery of 

Jerusalem. 

3. Crusades against Albigenses — 

1202 1229. 

4. Creation of States General — 

1302. 

5. Triumph of Absolutism. 

(' 1. Philip Aug-ustus 

6. Rulers of J 2. Louis IX. 
this Period ) 3. Philip IV. 

1 4. Louis XL 

1. Hundred Years War with 

Eng-land— 1328— 1453. 

2. Trouble with Charles the Bold 

of Burg-undy 1461—1483. 

3. Charles VIII. invades Italy — 

1490. 

4. His retreat back to Paris. 
[ 5. Feudal System at an end. 



Spain- 
732 to 
1516. 



1 rrx, Tv/r ( 1- Their Kingdom. 

1. T.he Moors ) * 

in Spain. i ^ r^ j 

^ { 2. Cordova. 

2. Queen Isabella of Castile marries Ferdi- 

nand of Aragon— 1469. 

3. Union of the Colonies— 1479. 

4. Expulsion of the Moors — 1480—1491. 

5. Discovery of America— 1492. 

6. Death of the j ^- Isabella-1504. 
Sovereisrns. 



7. The Inquisition. 



2. Ferdinand— 1516. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



47 



3. Italy 
843 to 1499 



4. Russia— 
837—1505. 



IX. 
Rise 

OF 

Mod- 
ern 
Na- 
tions. 
Cont'd. 









1. No Government since 843. 

2. See No. 3 in outline of Germany. 

3. Rienzi's stand for Liberty — 1347. 

4. The Renaissance. 

5. Savonarola— 1452— 1498. 

6. The City Republics. 

r 1. Florence.. 

1. Ruric the Red, 837. Its Rise -| 2. Venice. 

2. Conquest of Tartars in the | 3. Genoa. 

.13th century. [ 4. Naples. 

3. Freedom under Ivan the Great, 1462-1505 

4. Her Boundaries. 

. r^ r • (1- Lothair. 

1. Caroluio-ians- 

843—911. 



l2. 



Otto the Great. 



2. Conrad of Franconia— 911-919. 



3. Saxon j 1. Renewal of the Empire — 962. 
^ I Emperors - 
if^ 919—1024 12. Guelphs and Ghibellines. 

^ I 4. Lothair of Saxony- 1125— 1137. 

CO 

5. Hohenstau- ( 1. Frederick Barbarossa. 
fen Family — ■< 
1137—1254. ( 2. Cathedral Building-- 1248. 



6. Interreg-n- 
um & Differ- 
ent Emp. — 
1254—1273 to 
1438. 



1. Rise of the [1. Morg-arten 
Swiss Repub-^ 2. Sempach. 
he, 1315, 1388 ( 3. Nafels. 

2. Rise of Austria. 

3. Character of her rulers. 



7. House ( 1. Albert,Duke Austria, 1438-1493 
of Haps- -^ 2. Maximilian L— 1493— 1519. 
burg-. ( 3. The Hussites. 



48 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



IX. Rise OF 
Modern 

Nations. 
Cont'd. 





1. Rom 


an 


c 


onque 


St. 






r 


1. Eg-bert— 827. 

2. Ethelbert. 

3. Alfred the 
Great— 871- 
901. 




2. Saxon 


1. Ru- 


4. Edward the 




Dynas- 


lers. 


Elder— 901-925 




ty— 827' 




5. Athelstane — 




-1016. 




925-941. 
6. The six Boy 
Kings— 941- 
1016. 






2. The Danish Conquest 
—1016. 










^ 


1. Canute— 1016 


. Eng-- 






-1035. 


land. - 






2. Harold Hare- 


(827- 


3. Dan- 




foot— 1035-1040 


1499.) 


ish and 


1. 


3. Hardicanute. 




Resto- 


Ru-- 


—1040-1042. 




red Sax- - 


lers. 


4. Edward the 




on Dy- 




Confessor — 




nasty — 




1042-1066 




lOie"" to 




5. Harold, II— 




1066. 




1066. 






2. Battle of Hasting-s — 






1066. 






3. Norman Conquest. 






. f 1. AVilliam I. 1066-1087 




4. The 


t 2. William II. 1087- 




Nor- 


CJ 


1100. a 




mans 


1—* - 


3. Henry 1. 1100-1135. b 




—1066 ' 




4. Matilda and Ste- 




-1154. 


T-H 


phen— 1135-1154. 






2. Their Character. 






a. Called Bufus, the red-haired. 




- 


- 


b 


. FineSd 


lolar. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



49 



IX. Rise 
OF Mod- 
ern Na- 
tions. — 
Cont'd. 






o 
O 



« 



4 ^ 









5. The 
Plan- 
tag e- 
nets. 



H 



i 



House 
York. 



of 



1. Henry II— 1154-1189. 

2. Richard 1—1189-1199. 

3. John— 1199-1216. 

4. Henrv III— 1216-1272. 

5. Edward 1—1272-1307. 

6. Edward 11—1307-1327. 

7. Edward IH- 1327-1377. 

8. Richard 11—1377-1399. 

9. Henry IV— 
1399-1413 

10. Henrv V— 
1413-1422. 

11. Henrv VI— 
1422-1461. 

12. Edward IV 
—1461-1483 

13. Edward V 
— one vear. 

14. Richard III 
—1483-1485 

al5. Henry VII 
ern outline. 
r 1. John's Trouble. 
Mag-na Charta — 
1216. 
-^ 3. House of Commons 
14th century. 
4. Earl Simon de 
Mont fort. 

2. Conquest of Ireland un- 

der Henry II. 

3. Conquest of Wales by 

Edward I. 

4. Conquest of [ 1. Wallace 
Scotland by -| 2. Bruce. 

. Edward HI. [3. Effect. 

a. Founder of the House of Tudors. 



House of 
Lancaster 



-See mod- 



p ^ 



50 



OUTLINES OF GENERi^L HISTORY 



IX. Rise 
OF Mod- 
ern Na- 
tions. — 
Cont'd, 



X. 



Civili- 
zation. 



be I 



Reli- 
ofion. 



5. Hundred Years War^ 
(see p. 45. 

6. War of the Roses, (see 
5. The I O p. 45.) 

Plan--j i_ - 7. Founding- of the Tudor 
tag-e- j ^ Line of Sovereig-ns. 

nets. I g 8. Piscoveries and Ex- 
Con'd. > plorations. 

^ j 1. The Cabots, (1497) 

^T L (2. Drake, (1569-1579.) 

1. Roman Catholic. 

2. Greek. , 

3. i 1. Albig-enses. 
rs -< 2. Hug-uenots, 

[ ( etc. 

2. Characteristic features of each. 



Forms. -{ Othei 



2. Liter 
ature 



1. In 
France. 



J 



Art. 



1. Troubadours and 
Trouveurs. 

2. Froissart's Chron- 
ic icie— 1337-1410.["Cid." 

In Spain — Romances of the 
In n.The"Neibe- 

Ger- -I lunzelied" 

many. ( 2. The Minnesing-ers. 
j 11. Father of 

j 1. Chau- 1 Poetry. 

j cer — ■] 
] 1328- I 2. Canter- 

1400 1 bury Tales. 
2. Wycliffe translates the 
Bible— 1380. 
f 1. Leonardo Vinci — 1415-1459. 
I 2. Michael Ang-elo, Artist — 

1472-1564. 
I 3. Raphael— 1483-1520. 
[ 4. Titian— 1477-1576. 



In 

Eng- 
land. 



All 
in 

Ita- 
ly- 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



51 



X. ClVILI- 
ZATION.- 

Cont'd. 



X. Civili- 
zation. — 
Cont'd, 



Noted 
for 



10 



Monasticism. 

Rise of Papacy. 

^ -I T M. Pag-e. 

i^ eudalism. K, o *=• 

^1-1 < 2. Squire. 

Chivalry. ) ^ r^ ■ - j. 

■^ { 3. Knig-nt. 

The Tournament. 

1. Relapse into Ig^norance. 

2. Extravagance in dress. 

3. Royal Entertainments. 

4. Serving- Foreig-n Delicacies. 

5. Costly Tableware, but had no 
knives and forks. 

6. Severely punishing- for mild 
offenses. 

1. Rog-er Bacon makes known 
the use of Gunpow^der. 

2. Gutenburg- invents printing- 
in 1456. 

Caxton's typog-raphic print- 
ing- in Eng-land at West- 
minster— 1460-1491. 

General effect on history. 



Inven- 
tions 



3. 



4. 



52 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



XI. — Great Men. 











Character 




No. 


II 


Names. 


Chief Work. 


or 
Profession. 


Language. 


1 


6th 


St. Augustine 


Founder of Order of 










Belisarius 


Monks 


Author and 
teacher 


Latin. 


2 


Fought the Barbari- 








St. Benedict... 


ans 


General of 

Justinian 




3 


Founded an Order 










of Monks 


Preacher 


Latin. 


4 




Boethius 


Theology and Phil- 
osophy 


and Author 
Translator.. 


Latin. 


=; 




Clovius 


King of the Franks.. 


Ruler 


Latin and 






Gothic. 


6 




Justinian 


Emp. of Byzantium. iRuler 


Latin. 


7 




Theodoric. . . . 


Emp. Western Em- 








Trebonian.. . . 


pire 

Cpdes. Pandects and 


Ruler 


Latin and 


8 




Gothic. 








Institutes Law-g-i ver 




9 


7th 


Caedmon 


Paraphrase of !of Justinian 
Scriptures 'Poet 


Latin. 
English. 


10 




Mohammed. ... 


Founds a new reli- 










ligion 


Preacher 




11 




Omar 


Translates into 
Greek, Latin and 


and teacher 
Preacher 


Arabic. 




8th 


Alcuin 


Eng'lish 


and Ruler. 
Author and 


Arabic. 


12 


Philosophv and 










Theology 


Scholar. .. 


Latin. 


13 




"The Vener- 


Translation of Bible!Historian 


Latin and 






able" Bede. 


and author 


English. 


14 




Charlemag-ne. 


King of the Franks.. General and 


Latin and 


15 




Charles Mar- 
tel 


Stopped Moham- 
medans 


Ruler 


French, 








General 


French (?) 


16 




Dung-al 


Lectured in Paris... 
' 'W^ife's Complaint' ' 


Teacher 

Poet 


Latin. 


17 


Cynewulf 


English. 


18 




Haroun-al- 










Raschid 


Mohaminedan Ruler 


Author 


Arabic. 


19 




Geber 


Translations 


Chemist and 


Arabic and 


20 


9th 


Alfred the 




Doctor 


English. 






Great 


King of England... . 


Author, His- 


English. 


21 




Al Mamun 


A Mohammedan Au- 


torian, &c. 










thor 


Translator.. 


Arabic. 


22 




Asser 


Philosophy, etc.... 


Author 


Ara. & Lat. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



53 









Character 




No. 


c ^ 


Names. 


Chief Work. 


or 


Language. 




0-3 






Profession. 




23 


lOth 


Hug-h Capet... 


Founder of French 












Monarchy 

Conqueror of Ger- 
many 


King 


French. 


24 




Otto I 












King 


German. 


''S 




Rollo 


Conquers Norman- 
dy 


General and 


Norse, 










11th 


Albucasis. . . . 


Anatomy and Phys- 


King 


French 


26 




and Latin. 










Translator. 


Arabic and 






Latin. 


27 




Anselm 


Scholastic Works... 


Author 


Latin. 


28 




Hildebrand ... 


Becomes Pope 


Spiritual 
Teacher 


Latin. 


29 




William I 


Conqueror of Eng- 


General and 




30 




Peter the Her- 


land 


King" 


Norman and 




12th 


mit 


Preached the Cru- 
sades 


Preacher 
and Monk.. 


French. 




Abelard 


Latin. 


31 


Taught at Paris- 










Heretic 


I'eacher and 
Author 


Latin. 


32 




Aber Ezra.... 


Work on Scriptures 


Author and 




33 




Averroes (of 
Cordova) .... 


Languages and 


lYanslator. 


Hebrew. 


34 




Thomas, a 
Becket 


Mathematics 

Disagreement with 
Henry II., Chan- 


Author 


Arabic. 








cellor of England. 


Author 


English and 


35 




Frederick "| 






Latin. 






Barbarasa 


Of Germany 


Great Cru- 


German. 


^6 




Godfrey of 
Bouillon 


France and 


sader and 


French. 






England 


Ruler 


English. 


37 




Richard I. 








38 




Saladin 


Founds Mohamme- 


Ruler and 




39 


13th 


Albertus 


dan Dynasty 


General 


Arabic. 






Magnus 


Natural Science 


Author and 




40 




Alfonso, the 




Teacher. ... 


Latfn. 






Wise 


Translates Bible in- 
to Spanish'. 


Author 








Latin and 


41 




Roger Bacon. 


Invents Telescope 
and Gunpowder, 




Spanish. 








&c 


Inventor 


Latin. 



54 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 











(character 




No. 




Names. 


Chief Works. 


or 
Profession. 


Language. 


42 




Edward I,... . 
(of Eng-.) 


Eng. Laws, History 
of Chronicles — 
Wales Constitu- 


Ruler and 




43 




Stephen 


tion 


Author 


English. 






Langton 


"Magna Charta'". . 


Author.. 


English. 


44 




St. Louis .... 


French Law from 
Roman 


Ruler and 




45 




Peter de Cres- 




Author 


French. 






cenzi 


Botany 


Author 


English and 










Italian. 


46 




Marco Polo... 


Book of Travels 


Traveler. . . 


French and 
Italian. . 


47 


14th 


Boccaccio 


"Decameron" 


Author 


Italian. 


48 




Robert Bruce. 


Scottish Warrior.... 


General 


Scotch. 


49 






"Canterbury tales'" 


Poet..'. 


English. 


SO 




Dante, (Ali- 










g-hieri) 


"Inferno" 


Author 


Italian. 


51 




Froissart 


Chronicles of Eng. 
and French His- 












tory 


Historian ... 


French. 


S-?, 




Giotto 


Author of Bell Tow- 
er at Florence ... 


Architect.... 








Italian. 


53 




Sir Jn^. Man- 












deville 


Book of Travels . . 


Author 


Latin, Eng. 


54 




Rienzi 

(Coladi.). ... 


Last of the Tri- 
bunes 


Leader and 
Patriot. . . 


French, 
Italian. 


55 




Wat Tyler.... 


Opposed Absolutism 


General 


English. 


56 




Sir Wm. Wal- 












lace 


Scotch Patriot 


Author and 
General 








Eng-lish. 


57 




John Wycliffe 


Translates Bible. . . 


Author 


English. 


58 


15th 


Pius II 


Mathematics 


Pope and 
Author 


Latin. 


59 




Buenelschi. ... 


Author of the Dome 










Wm. Caxton.. 


of Rome 


Architect.... 


Latin. 


60 


First Printing in 










England 


Inventor & 
Printer 








English. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



55 











Character 




No. 


d ^ 


Names. 


Chief Work. 


or 


Language. 




0-2 






Profession. 




61 


ISth 


Cusamus 


Law and Theories 
Fore-runner of Co- 
pernicus 


Lawyer and 
Astronomer 












Latin. 


62 




Donatello 


"Judith holding the 
Head of Holofer- 
ness 


Carver and 
Sculptor ... 


Latin. 


63 




G-utenburg- 


Printing by Movable 
Tvues. .' 


Inventor & 












Printer 


German. 


64 
65 




John Huss.. ) 

Jerome of > 

Prague. .. ) 


Followers of Wy- 
cliffe 


Authors ] 
and Re- ^ 
formers.. ) 


Latin and 
Bohemian. 








66 




Joan of Arc . . 


The Peasant Girl 
who led French 










*Savonarola. . 


Armies 


Leader 

Monk and 


French. 


67 


Catholic Reformer.. 












Author .... 


Italian. 


68 




*Van Enycks. 


Originator of Paint- 
ing in Oils 


Great Pain- 








*Lorenzode 




ter 


Italian. 


69 










Medici 


Founds Schools and 
Libraries 


Statesman 
and Patron 


















of Arts .... 


Latin. 


70 




*Columbus 


Discovers America.. 


Explorer & 
Navigator.. 


Spanish. 


71 




*John Cabot... 


Discovers N. A 


Sailor 


English. 


72 




*Waldsee 
Muller 


Names America in 
Honor of Vespucci 












(Amerigo.) 


Geographer 


German. 



*A11 Born in Italy. 



56 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



CKapter XII* — TQoderK tjfstor/. 



I. Events 

OF THE 

16th Cen- 
tury. 



f 



o 






( 1. Charles VIII.— 1483-1498. 

1. Rulers -( 2. Louis XL— 1498-1515. 

( 3. Francis I.— 1515-1547. 

2. Object of Invasions. 



Battles. 



1. 

i 2 

I 4. 

I 5. 

16. 

r 



4. Leaarues. -I 



Fornovo. 

Naples. 

Venice. 

Milan. 

Of the Spurs. 

Marig-nano. 

1. First Leag-ue. 

2. League of Cambray. 

3. Holy Leag-ue. 

4. Leagfue of Malines. 



5. Results. 
Charles V. and Reformation. 
Rise of the Dutch Republic. 
Civil and Relig^ious War of France. 
Enofland under the Tudors. 



II. Events ( 1. 

on the 17th < 2. 

Century. ( 3. 



The Thirty Years War. 
Monarchy in France. 
Engfland under the Stuarts. 



III. Events j 1. Peter the Great and Charles XII. 

of the I 2. Rise of Prussia. [wick. 

18th "l 3. Eng-land under Hanover, (House of Bruns- 

Century. [ 4. The French Revolution. 



IV. 

Events of 

THE 19th 

Century. 



1. French Revolution and France. 

2. Eng-land under House of Brunsv^ick. 

3. Other Modern Nations. 



V. Great Men of Centuries. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



57 



CKapter XIIL- 



1. Gene- 
alogy. 



2. His 
Rivals 



(2) Charles 

V. AND 

THE Re- 
forma- 
tion — 15- 
17-60. 



— TKe ReformatfoR. 

Son of Philip, the Handsome. 
Grandson of Maximilian I. and 

Ferdinand and Isabella. 
Francis I. of France. 
Henry VHI. of England. 
Solyman, the Magnificent 

Turkey, 
j 1. His Theses. 
- 2. Edict of the Pope. 
( 3. Diet of Worms — 1521. 
The First I'rotestants — 1529. 

1. Spires. 

2. Auo'sburg. 



of 



I 



Luther. — 

14S3-1546. 



Diets of 



The first V/ar 
aga i n s t F r an c i s 
1521-26. 
Second War 



1. 



against I' rancis- 
1527-29. 



Battle of Pavia — 
-\ 1525. 

( 2. Treaty of Madrid. 
1 1. Imperial army in 
< Rome. 

( 2. Ladies' Peace — 1529 
1 1. Solyman aids Fran- 
Third Vvar I cis. 
ag-ainst Francis — J, 2. Turks in Hungary 
1536-28 . I and Tunis. 

I 3. Treaty of Nice- -1538 
1. Treaty of Crespy — 1544. 
( 2. Results. 
L Smalcaldic League — 1531. 

2. Charles' Triumph — 1547, 

3. Revolt of Maurice. 

4. Treaty of Passau — 1552. 

5. His abdication of the throne 
—1556. 

6. St. Quentin — 1557. 

I 7. Treaty of Cateau-Cam- 
[ bresis — 1559. 

His character. 



Fourth War 
—1542 44. 



10. His Pro- 
testant 
Wars — 
1531-60. 



11 



58 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



(3) Rise of 
THE Dutch 
Republic— 
1568-1609.' 






o 



o 



G 
O 



> 
ro 

4. Its 
Devel- 
op- 
ment. 



Chaptet XIV.— DutcK Repablfc* 

1. Position of the ( 1. On the North Sea. 
Netherlands. ] 2. As large as Ohio. (?)* 

2. Queen Margaret's Persecutions of the 
Heretics. 

1. Don John. 

2. Duke of Alva. 

1. Spanish. -] 3. Requesens. 
I 4. Valdez. 
[ 5. Duke of Parma. 

1. Egmond. 

2. Horn. 

2. Dutch J 3. Maurice of Nassau. 

4. Sir Philip Sidney. 

5. William the Silent. 

1. Pacihcation of Ghent — 1577. 

2. Jealousy of the sections. 

3. Union of Utrecht — 1579. 

4. The Ban and Apology. 

5. Assassination of William — ^1584. 

6. England aids the Dutch. 

7. Treaty of 1609. 

1. The Fields like Gardens. 

2. Afterwards aids England. 

3. Advanced as Spain declined. 

4. Their Industry and Intelligence. 



CKapter XY. — Wars of France. 

' 1. Persecution of the Huguenots. 
(4) Civil 1. Cath- ( 1. Catharine de Medici. 

andReli- f olics. I 2. The Guises. 

Gious Wars-] 2. Lead- f 1. Henry Bourbon of 

of France ers. [2. Pro- 

—1562-1610 testants. 



Navarre. 

2. Prince Conde. 

3. Admiral Coligny. 



*?. At one time they were about this size, but now onlj' as large as W. Va. i. e. 
Holland and Belg-ium taken tosrether. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



59 



(4) Civil 
AND Re- 
ligious 
Wars of 
France— 
1562-1610 
Cont'd. 



Events 



4. King- 
Henry 
IV. 

5. The 

for 



1. Vassv. 

2. Treaty of St. Germain— 1570. 

3. The marriag-e settlement — 1572. 

4. Massacre of St. Bartholomew — 

Aug-. 23, 1572. 

5. Renewal of the War. 

6. Henry's Victory at Ivry — 1590. 

7. Result. 

1. Crowned in 1594. 

2. His chang-e of Faith. 

3. Relig-ious Toleration. 
■i 4. Edictof Nantes— 1598 

! 5. His assassination — 1610. 

[ 6. Remarks on character, 
unsettled Feeling-s only smothered 
a time. 



CKapter X¥L — ER^laiid Under tKe Tudors. 



t^ r Henrv VH. of Lancaster, married Elizabeth of 
^ ^ I ^ York— 1485-1509. 

•r <v 
o <v 



U 



Marg-aret, m. James 
IV. of Scotland. 



Henry VIII. 1509-1547. 



I *EdwardVI. fMary. ifElizabeth. 

James V. of Scotland (1547-1553) (1553-1358) (1558-1603] 

Mary, Queen of Scots. 
James VI. 

*Soii of Jane Sej-mour. tCaug-hter of Catharine, married Philip of Spain. 
tDaug-hter of Anne Boleyn. 



60 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



2. Henry -{ 
VIII 



Events 
of Other J 
Reiarns 



The Be- - 

headings 

of 



. His 

Wives. 



1. His aid soug-ht by Charles V. and Fran- 

cis— 1558-1603. 

2. Battle of Flodden Field (Spurs.) 

1. Six articles of Faith. 

3. Revolt ag-ainst J 2. Chang-e in Creed. 

Rome. 3. Benevolences. 

[4. "Morton's Fork." 

4. Lollards. 

( 1. Colet. 

5. Leaders. -< 2. Erasmus. 
( 3. More. 

Catharine of Arag"on. 
Anne Boleyn. 
Jane Seymour. 
Anne of Cleves. 
Catharine Howard. 

[ 6. Catharine Parr. 
Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, [ans. 
Persecution of Puritans and Presbyteri- 
Mary, Queen of Scots. 
Eng-iish lose Calais in reig-n of Mary. 
The Invincible Armada defeated in the 
reig-n of Elizabeth, 1588. 

6. Maritime and Colonial Enterprises. 

7. Elizabeth's Favorites. 

g. The Aug-ustan Ag-e of u Literature. 

1. Cranmer. 

2. Cromw^ell. 

3. More. 

4. Wolsey. 

5. Fisher. 

6. Mary, Queen of Scots. 

7. Earl of Leicester. 

8. Earl of Essex. 

9. Lady Jane Grey. 
10. And others. 



5. Eng-land's Position in the World. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



61 



Chapter X¥IL— TKe TKfrt/ Years War. 
I6I8-I648 



1. Causes. - 



1. Catholics. 



^ 3. 
4. 



2. Leaders. - 



3. Periods 
of the 
War. 

4. Import- 
ant Bat- 
tles. 

5. Treat}^ of 



6. Results. 



Troubles in Bohemia. 

Growing- hatred between Protestants and 

Catholics. 
A dislike for the Emperor. 
Destruction of Churches, etc. 

j 1. Ferdinand, Emperor. 
Wallenstein. 
Tilly. 
Peppenheim. 

1. Frederick,the Palatinate. 

2. Gustavus Adolphus, 
(King- of Sweden.) 

3. Bernard of Weimar, 
(Swede.) 

4. Conde and Turenne, 
(French.) 

Bohemian Period — 1618-23. [beck. 

Danish Period— 1625-29— Peace of Lu- 

Swedish Period— 1630— 35. 

French Period— 1635-48. 

Madgeburg". f - t^ • , 

*= ^ '5. Frieburg-. 

6. Nordlingen- 

7. Lens. 



2. Protestants 



-1634. 



Leipsic — 1631. 

3. Lutzen— 1632. 

4. Rocroi. 

Westphalia— 1648. 

1. Amnestj^ to Political Offenders. 

2. Catholics and Protestants no long-er have 
Ecclesiastical rig-hts over each other. 

Each Prince sovereig-nin his own province. 
Switzerland and the Dutch Republic rec- 

og-nized as Independent. 
Sweden g-ets territor}^ on the Baltic. 
France g-ets Alsace. 
Brandenburg-'s territory increased. 



62 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



Chapter XVIIL— TKe TQoKarcK/ tr France, 
rl610-]7150 



The Mon- 
archy IN 
France — 
1610-1715 



1. Ag-e of 
Richilieu 

—1622- 
42. 






1. Louis XIII, King-— 1610-43. 

2. Rochelle. 

3. Nobles humbled. 

4. Part of France in 30 yrs.War 

5. Object of Richilieu. 

6. Result. 



1. Peace of Pyrennes — 1659. 

I 1. Mazarin— 1643-61. 

2. His Minis- ! 2. Colbert, 
ters. j 3. Louvois. 

[ 4. Luxembourg-. 



1 .With Flanders— 1667-68. Trea- 
ty of Aix-la Chapelle. 
2. With Hoi- i 1. Triple Alliance. 






land— 1672-^ 
■ 79. ( 2. 

3*. Of the Pala- ( 
tinate— 1688-^ 
97. ( 

4t. Spanish Suc- 
cession — 1701- ■ 
14. 



Treaty Nimeg-uen 

1. Holy Alliance. 

2. Peace Rvswick. 
[ 1. Treaty of 

Utrecht. 
2. Radstadt. 



Gener- 
als. 



1. French. 



i 7 



Dutch 
and 
Eng-lish. 



fL 



Turenne. 

Conde. 

Luxembourg-. 

Vauban. 
William of 

Orang-e. 
Marlboroug-h. 
Euofene. 



*Called in this country, "King- William's War.' 
tOur "Queen Aune's War." 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



63 



2. Ag-e of 
Louis 
XIV— 
1643- 
1715.— 
Cont'd. 



1. Fleurus. 

2. Stein kirk. 

3. Neerwiuden 

5. Battles-- 4. Blenheim.' 

5. Ramiilies. 

6. Oudenarde. 

7. Malplaquet. J 

6. His misfortunes and Death — Sept. 1, 1715. 



1 



Eng-lish 
r Victories. 



3. The Aug-ustan age of Literature in Finance. 

4. The Court at Versailles. 



CKapter XIX, — ER^laixd ander the Stuarts* 

1. Table of Rulers showing Genealogy, (see p. 59.) 

James VI of Scotland becomes James I, of En.g^land, (1603-1625. 



Charles I. (m Henrietta Maria, of 
France) (1625-1649.) 



Elizabeth (m. Frederick of 
Palatine.) 



Charles II. (1660-1685 



James IT. (1685-1689.) Sophia, (m. Elec- 
tor of Hanover.) 



Mary m. William (of Orane^e) ITI Anne (1702-1715. ( George I. 
(1689-1694.) (1689-1702.) 

1. The Gunpowder Plot — 
1605. 

2. Rise of Parliament — 
1610-40, 

3. His EVoreign Policy. 

4. His Character. 



2. Reign of James I. 



64 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



3. Reig"nof 
Charles I 



1. The Long- Pai-liament— 1640-53. 

2. The Short Parliament. 
j'l. "Divine Rig-ht' 

. Causes j 



3. Civil 
AVar- 
1642- 

48. 



of 



King-s. 
Trouble with Parlia- 
ment. 

1. He and his son. 

2. Prince Rupert. 

1. John Hampden. 

2. Oliver Cromwell. 

3. Ireton. 
-p , ^. Edyeh ill— 1643. 

"^^■-^ 2. Marston Moor— 1644. 
( 3. Xaseby— 1645. ' 
I 4. Result. 
His Fate and Character. 



ri 



1. King-. 

2. Parli- 
ament. 



(1- 



ties 



4. The Com- 
monwealth 
—1649-60 



1. Oliver Cromwell, Protector— 1649-60. 

2. War in Ireland and Scotland. 

3. Dunbar and Worcester. 

4. War with Holland. 

1 5. Presbyterians and Quakers. 
I 6. Oliver's Death and Character. 
1 7. His Successor. 
[8. The Resforatioii~-16b0. 



5. Charles H's Reiom - 



1. The Reaction. 

2. Plag-ue in London — 1665. 

3. Great Fire— 1666- (200,000 
pie destitute of homes.) 

4. War with Holland. 

5. Treat V of Dover in France- 
1670"! 

6. Rye House and other Plots. 

7. The Test Act. 

8. Whig-s and Tories. 

6. James H's Reis^n and the Revolution. 



peo- 



OUTLIXES OF GENERxlL HISTORY 



65 



f 1. The Bill of Rig-hts— 1689. 
I 2. Battle of Boyiie in Eng-land. 

7. William i 3. Jacobite Plots. 

and Mary's-] 4. House of Commons Supreme. 
Reiofn. 5. Eng-land aids the Palatinate in the War of 

Louis XIV ag-ainst him. (see p. 62.) 
6. His Death and Character — 1702. 
f 1. War of the Spanish Succession — 1701-14. 

8. Queen | 2. Union of England and Scotland — 1707. 
Anne's -j 3. Marlborough's (John Churchill) Victories. 
Reig-n | 4. The Last of the Stuarts. 

[ 5. Her Character. 



-Feter tKe Great and CKarles XII. 
(1689-1725) 

1. Sketch of Early History. 
f 1. Ivaii the Terrible— 1533-84. 

2. Past I 2. Feodor— 1 5S4-1598. 
Rulers, "i 3. Michael Romanoff— 1613-89. 

I 4*. Peter the Great— 1689-1725. 

3. Its ( 1. In Western Asia and Eastern Europe 
loca- -l 
tion. ( 2. Occupies /^ of Europe and yi of Asia 

1. As a boy. 2. In Western Europe 
3. His Reforms. 4. His Character. 

j' 1. Denmark. 

I 1. As a boy. 2. 

-J 2.- His Enemies. - - - -] 3. 

3. His Death— 1718. | 4, 

4. His Character. [ 5. 
f 1. Cause — Russia's Greed for Territory. 
' c -D X ( 1- Narya — 1706. 

2. Some Bat- j ^^ p^lto^va-l709. 
ties. j 3_ Frederickshall— 1718. 

3. Result. 

*Notice that Wilfiam III, came to the throne in Eng-land at this time, that Louis 
XIV began his War of the Palatinate, and we had our King William's War. 



CKapter XX.- 



1. Rise of 
Russia 



2. Peter the Great 



Charles 
XII of 
Sweden. 



Russia's 
War with 
Sweden. 



Poland. 
Russia. 
Prussia. 
Turks. 



66 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



5. Further additions of Territory. 

6. Founding- of Petersburg-. 



CKapter XXL— Rfse of Frassia*— 1640-1786, 

Brandenburg and Frederick William— 1640-1749. 

How the Elector procured the title of King. 

Reign of Frederick William I. — 1713-40. 

f 1. Sketch of his Life. 

1. ^Austrian Sue- ( 1. Dettingen. 
cession — 1740- < 2. Fontenoy. 
48. 3. Result. 



2. His 
Wars 



. Reign of i 
Frederick ^ 
the Great. 

(1740-86.) 



2. His 
W'rks 



*King Georg-e's War in U. S. 



2. tThe 
Seven 
Years 
War— 
1756- 
63. 



1. Cause. 



2. Allies 

ag-ainst 

him. 



5. Im- 
portant 
Battles. 



1. Austria. 

2. Russia. 

3. France. 

4. Poland. 
2. Saxony. 
6. Sweden, 

1. Rossback. 

2. Leuthen. 

3. Zorndorf. 

4. Kolin. (d) 

5. Kurners- 

dorf. (d) 

6. Leignitz. 

7. Torsfau. 



4. Peace of Paris. 

5. Result. 



3. His Government. 

4. Anecdotes and Character. 

tFrench and Indian War in U. S. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



67 



CKapter XXIL — Eix^land lUder Ir^ouse of l^aiv^ 
over. 17144820. 

1. Table of Rulers— (See p. 63.) Georg-e L (1714-27.) 



2. Reign of 

the Three 

Georsfes. 



J 



Georg-e IT.. (1727-60. 

*Georg-e III. (1760-20.) 

1. King-'s Loss of Influence. 

2. Continental Affairs. 

j 1. Old Pretender. 

■o , ■, < 2. Young- Pretender. 
Pretenders ] ^ n- ^^ a 

{ 3. Culloden. 



3. Their 
Character 



4. Eng-land 
Humbled. 



Wars of tht 



4. The French and 
Indian War — 1755- 
63. 

5. American Revolu- 
tion — 1775-83. 

6. Independence of 
Ireland. 

7. French Revolution, 



1, 

I ^' 

14. 



Braddock. 

Wolfe. 

Treaty of 1763. 
Burg-ovne. 
Cornwallis. 
Paris, 1783. 
Res'ult. 



CKapter XXIIL — FreRcK Kevolattoiv aivd France. 

L. Previous PlistorA'of \ 1. Louis XVI. 

France since 1715. '{ 2. His Troubles. 

1. Excessive Extravag-ance. 

Excessive Taxes on the Peasants. 
Burdensome Privileg-es of the Nobility. 
Growing- Feeling- of the People. 
The Influence of the American Revolu- 
tion. 



2. Causes of 
the Revo- 
lution. 



The Writ- 
ing's of 



1. Voltaire. 

2. Rousseau. 

3. Corneille. 



4. Raynal. 

5. Heloctius. 



*Grandson of Georg'e II. 



68 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



Periods 
of the Re- 
volution. 



1. States General to 1789. ( 1. Paris mob. 

2. National Assembly — ■< 

1789-91. ' ( 2. The Bastile. 

2. Th Leg-islative ( 1. Attack on Tuilleries. 
Assem.blv— 1791- -{ 2. Battle of Valmy— 



92. 

4. The Na- 
tional Con 
vention — 

1792-95. 

n. 



( 1792. 

1. Louis XVI beheaded— 1793 

2. "-Reigii of Terror''^ — June 2, 
1793- July 27, 1794. 

3. Reactionary Period. 
5. French Successes. 

Napoleon Bonaparte at the Helm. 
' -p , (1. Lodi. 
1--^^^- J2.Arcole. 
^^^® ( 3. Mantua. 

2. Oppos- ( 1. Bealieu. 
ing-Gen--< 2. Wurrnser. 
erals. ( 3. Alvincy. 

3. The Result. 

4. His marriage. 
1. Bat- ^ ^' ^vramids. 



2. Italian 
CaiP.paig'n 
-1795-7. 



3. Egyp- 
tian Cam- 
paign — 
1798-9. 



ties 



2. Aboukir bay. 



3. Aboukir(onland) 

2. His Return. 

3. Overthrows Directory. 

4. Treatv of Campo-Formio 

—1799. 



3. Peri- 
ods of 
the ^ 
Revo- 
lution 



fe. The 
Consu- 
late — 
1799- 
1804. 



7. The 
Empire 
—1804- 
15. 



1. Second Itali- i 1. Marengo, [ville. 
an campaign- -< 2. Treatv of Lune- 
1799-01. ( 3. Result. 

2. German Cam- i 1. llohenlinden. 
paign — 1800- I 2. Treaty of Ami- 
1802. ( ens." 

1. Austrian Cam^paign \ 1. Ulm. 

—1804-06. \2. Austerlitz. 

I 2. Prussian Cam- \ 1. Jena. 
[ paign — 1806. ] 2. Auerstadt. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



69 



3. Peri- 
ods of 
the 
Revo- 
tion — 

Cont'd. 



7. The 

Empire 

—1804- 

15.— 

Cont'd. 



8. The 
100 

Days in 
France 

9. Napo- 
leon's 
Return 
—1815 



3. Russian Cam 

paig-n- 1807. 

4. The Span- \ 

isb Cam- -| 
paign— 1808 [ 

5. The 2d Aus- 
trian Cam- 
paio-n — 1SU9. 



1. Eylau. 

2. Fi-iedland. 

3. Result. 
1 4. Tilsis Treaty. 

1. Continental System. 

2. Berlin Decree. 

3. Milan Decree. 
■ ( 1. Aspern. 

-I 2. Wag-ram. 
( 3. PI is 2d marriag^e. 

6. Second Spanish Cam paig-n-1 809-12 

7. Second Russian \ \ Borodino. 

Campaio-n-1812.1 :• ^''^'"''T'- 
^ [ o. Results. 

Q Ar TT'.,-^-...^ r 1. Lutzen. 

itArn.?^ 2. Bautzen, 

in Arms — , o -r-. ^ 
1812-14. i ^° Dresden. 

[4, Leipsic. 
9. Abdication of Napoleon to Elba. 
10. Louis XVIII. placed on the Throne 

1. Escape of Louis XVHL 

2. To Arms ag-ain. 

3. Cong'ress of Vienna. 

4. Wat'erloo, (June 18, 1815.) 

5. His Abdication to St. Helena. 

6. His Death and Character. 



4. The 

Second 
Restoration 
—1815-48 



( 1. Louis XVni.— 1815-24. 

1. King-s I 2. Charles X— 1824-30. 

( 3. Louis Philippe— 1830-48. 

[ 1. Revolution of the 3 days of 

2. J July— 1830. 

Events "j 2. Dissensions and Party Strife. 
3. Revolution of 1848. 



5. Second Repub- 
lic— 1848-52. 



( 1. The mobs of Paris — Louis leaves. 
-< 2. Louis Napoleon becomes President 
( 2. Chamber of Deputies dissolved. 



70 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



{ 1. Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III. 

1. Ensfland and France aid 
Turkey a2rainst Russia. 
f 1. Alma. 

2. Balaklava. 

3. Inkerman. 
1 4. Sabastopol. 

of Paris. 



2. His 
Wars. 



3. His 
Impris- 
onment 

4. His 
Char- 
acter. 



Crimean 
War— 
1853- 
56. 



^ 2. Battles. -^, 



ri. 



c/p J 



3. 



j 3. Treat V 
[ 4. Result. 
France helps Italj^ ag-ainst Aus- 
tria. 

( 1. Mag-enta. 
/ 2. Solferino. 
Peace, Villa Franca. 
Result. 

[ 1. Sardinia gets Lombardy and 
J Mod en a. 



2. Battles. 



I 



2. France g-ets Nice and Savoy. 

3. 9,000,000 free from Austria. 
Mexican War — 185'). 

1. Alsace-Lorraine. 

2. Spanish Crown. 



O CO 
^ r-i 

CD 



1. Causes 



2. Lead- 
ers. 



3. Bat- 
tles. 



J -• 



rnapoleon. 

Bazane. 

Bismarck. 



French. 



[ 4. Von Moltke | 

1. AVeissenburg-. 

2. Worth. 

3. Courceiles. 

4. Thionville. 

5. Gravelotte. 

6. Sedan. 

7. Metz. 



- German. 



Peace. 
Result. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



71 



7. The 
Third 
Repub- 
lic— 
1871- 
1897. 



C/3 



;:t3 



2 



J. 

6. 

L7. 



M. Thiers— 1871-73. 
Marshal McMahon— 1873-79, 
M. Grevy— 1879-87. 
M.'Carnot— 1887-94. 
M. Casimir-Perier— 1894-95. 
M. Felix Faure— 1895 . 



The Communists — 1871. 

Growth of Education. 

The War Debt of 5,000,000,000 francs, 

promptly paid to Germany. 
The Finances. 

Assassination of Pres. Carnot — 1894. 
Resig"nation Pres. Casimir-Perier — 1895. 
National Growth since 1871. 



8. Leaders and Generals of this Period, (see "p.") 



CKapter XXIV— Eix^laivd Under i^oase of ^aivover 



1. Genealog-y of 
the Rulers. 



Georg-e III. (see p. 63.) 



Georg-e IV. William IV. Edward of Kent 

(1820-30.) (1830-37.) | 

Victoria. 

(1837 .) 

[ 1. Corn Laws. 

-I -n^ J. £ rs TT7-? T> • I 2. Repeal of Test Act — 
2. Events of Geo. IV's Reig-n. \ -j^g^g 

[ 3. Fires and Famines. 
' 1. 1st Locomotive, Liverpool to Manchester 1830 

2. First Reform Bill, 1832. 

3. Emancipation Bill, 1833. 

4. The Chartists and Revolution of 1848. 



3. Reign 

of Wil-^ 
liam IV 



ri. Marat. 5. Necker. 

t „ J 2. Mirabeau. 6. Barras. 

" 1 3. Dan ton. 7. Kellerman. 

[4. Robespierre 8. Jourdan. 



9. Massena. 13. Napoleon I. 17. Carnot. "l 

10. Kleber. 14. Napoleon III 18. Faure. [ 

11. Augrereau. 15. Bazaine. f 

12. Ney. 16. Thiers. J 



72 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



m 

o 
o 

> 



1. Anti-Corn Law Leag^ue — 1839. 

2. Cobden Free Trade Club. 

3. Cheap Postage — 1840— Roland Hill. 

4. First World's Fair at London^lSSl. 

5. Crimean War (see France p. 70.) 

6. Indian M unity — 1857. 

7. Cotton Famine — 1860-65. 

8. Reform Bill of 1867. 

9. Com.pulsory School System — 1870. 

10. Irish Land'Titles Arranged— 1870-71. 
J 11. Religious Tests abolished in the Universities — 1871 

12. Voting by Ballot introduced — 1872. 

13. The Queen becomes Empress of India — 1876. 

14. England checks Russia's greed for Constantinople 

—1878. 

15. Mahdi's Rebellion in Egypt— 1885. 

16. Stanley in search of Dr. Livingston in Africa — 1888. 

17. Free Education in Scotland — 1889. 

18. Kindergarten and Manual Training School intro- 

duced. 

19. The Retirement of Gladstone — 1896. 

20. The Venezuelan affair— 1896. 



Chapter ^e^V- Other jviodern jHations. 



I. Italy- 
1815- 
97. 



2. Revolu- 
tion of 
1848. 



1. Causes. - 



Patri- 
ots. 



3. Battles. 



L. The Carbonari. 

2. Distance from 
Vienna. 

>. Want of Communi- 
cation. 
r 1^ Charles Albert of 
J Sardinia. 

I 2. Garibaldi. 
[ 3. Victor Emmanuel. 

\ 1. Novara. 

( 2. Rome. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



73 



I. Italy 
1815-97 



II. Ger- 
many— 
1806-97 



3. Assists Erig-lancl and France in the Crimean 

War. 

4. Revolution of 1858-9 (see France p. 70.) 

5. Dawn of Freedom. 

6. Victor f 

1. Italy helps Prussia in 1866. 

2. Gains Venice and Verona. 

3. Gets Rome in 1870, and it is the 
Capital. 



Emman- 
uel II be 
comes 
King- — 
1861-78. 
7. King- 
Hum- 
bert I. 
1878. 



States of the Church added. 
The Pope now a Spiritual Power. 
Troubles in Abyssinia. 
Her Growth. 



1. Holy Roman Empire ends 1806. 

2. A Confederation of 39 States with Austria at 

its head — 1815. 

3. Prussia recovers the territory wrested from 

her by Napoleon. 

i 1. Russia. I 

4. The Holy Alliance < 2. Austria. > 1815. 

( 3. Prussia. ) 

5. The Zollverein— 1828. 

1. Demand for Unity. 

2. Berlin. 
( 1. Frederick Wm. IV. 

2. Bismarck. 

3. Kossuth. 

\ 1. Ferdinand of Austria. 
I 2. Metternich. 
I 3. Francis Joseph. 
[4. "The Hang-man." 



Patriots 



Opposing- 
Leaders. 



5. Result. 



7. War with Den- 
mark — 1864. 



f 1. Prussia helps Aus- 
j tria. 

I 2. They take Schles- 
[ wig--Holstein. 



74 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



II. Ger- 
irjanv.- 
1806-97 



III. Rus 

sia- 
1801-97 



1. Prussia against Austria. 

2. Battle of Sadowa. 

3. Peace of Prag^ue. 

I 4. Result (Austria defeated.) 
9. The North German Confederation. 
i 1. William 1—1871-88. 

2. Frederick— 1888. 

3. William 11—1888 — . 

1. Caprivi. 

2. Bismarck. 

12. iVustria Grants Reforms. 

13. Francis Joseph becomes King of Hungary 

—1867. 

1. Rulers since \ 1. Catherine — 1725-62. 
Peter the Great ] 2. Catherine 11—1762-96. 



8. Seven weeks 
War— 1866. 



10. Emperors 



11. Ministers. 



2. Events 
under 
Alexan- 
der I— 

1801-25. 



The Holy Alli- 
ance of 



I 



— J 



3. Reign of 
Nicholas 

1—1825-55 



Russia, 
Prussia and 
Austria. 
Trouble with the Liberals. 
Conspiracies. 
A Terrible Autocrat. 
Aids Greece against Turkey in 

1828. 
Revolution in Poland— 1830. 
Added to Russia - 1832. 
Assists Austria to crush Hun- 
gary in 1848. 
6. The Crimean War, (see France) 
Popular Reforms. 
Emancipation of Slaves — 1858-63. 
Rebellion in Poland — 1863. 
*War with Turkey— 1877-78. 
Treaty of Berlin and Results. 
Siberian Exiles— 1879-80. 
Assassination of the Czar — March 
13, 1881. 

Turkey loses Roumania, Servia, Montenegro and protection of Bulgaria in this war. 



4. Reign 
of Alex- 
ander II 

— 1855-r 
81. 



n. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 



AHOxsm avaaNao ao saNnxno 



75 



III. Rus- 
sia — 
1801-97 
Cont'd. 



IV. Less 
Impor- 
tant 
Coun- 
tries. 



5. Alexander 
III— 1881-85' 

6. Nich- 
olas II- 
1895. 

1. 

9 



I. The 

Nether 
lands. 



^ri. 

T, 2. 



-I 4. 



1. Censorship of the Press. 

2. His assassination — 1895. 

3. Character. 
( 1. Better man than his Predeces- 
■< sor. 
( 2. Condition of the People. 

Throw off the French Yoke— 1812 
Belg-ium and Holland united — 1815 
*Belg-ians Rebel in 1830. 
Leopold made King- of Belg-ium and 
William IV, King- of Holland. 
I 5. Present Queen of Holland — Wil- 
[ helmina. 

Its Former Greatness. 

Decline since the Battle of Lepanto 1571. 

See Russia for events of 1821-56-78. 

Arm enian massacres — 1895-96. 

Revolts ag-ainst Turkej^ — 1821. 

Marco Bozzaris, the patriot. 

Allies of Greece. 

Battle of Navarino — 1827. 

Georg-ias I. of Denmark elected King-. 

War with Turkey over Candia — 1897. 

1. Glimpses of f 1. Rule of the Jemmu — 
Early History J 660 B. C. 

2. Treaty with '] 2. Buddhism— 600 B. C. 
U. S.— 1854. [ 3. The Shog-un— 1192. 

3. Revolution of 1868. 

4. Restoration of the Mikado. 

5. Conquered by the Portug-ese who were 
expelled in the 16th Centurv — Iniiiience. 

6. The Senate— 1875. 
Other assemblies — 1879. 
A Constitutional Monarchy, 
Educational Prog-ress. 
War with China— 1894-95. 

11. The Result. 

*Notice that numerous Revolutions occurred in 1820-1830-1848. 



O 






7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 



76 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



IV. Less 
Impor- 
tant 
Coun- 
tries. 
Cont'd. 



CO 



Revolution of 1820. 

The Spanish obtain a written Constitu- 
tion. 

Loses Territory in Italy — 1848-59. 

Loses South American countries and 
Mexico— 1819-30. 

Rebellion of Cuba and Phillipine Islands 
—1896-98. 




OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 77 

CKapter XXVL— Great TQcr of CeRtunes- 



16th 



16 
17 

18 



17th 



Names. 



Francis Bacon 

Copernicus 

Galileo 

Thomas More 
Hug-o Grotius 

Michael An- 
gelo (Buon- 
arroti) 

Raphael 

Titian 

Albert Durer. 

Edmund 
Spencer 

Wm Shakes- 
peare 

Philip Sidney 

Sir Walter 

Raleigh 

Cervantes .... 
Rabelais 

Montaig-ne 

Aristo 

Tasso 

Tyco Brahe... 

Holbein 

Hobbes 



Chief Work or Mas- 
terpieces. 



"Novum Organum" 

Rotation of the earth 
"System of the 

World" 

"Utopia" 

International Law. 

Work on St. Peter's 
Church 

Decorates the Vati- 
can 

"The Assumption" 

Inventor of Etching 

and Wood Eng^ra- 

ving- 

"Faerie Oueene"... 
"Hamlet" and 36 

Dramas 

"Arcadia" 

"History of the 
World" 

"Don Quixote".... 

"Life of Panta- 
gf-ruel" 

"Essays" 

" O r 1 ando-Fur ioso " 

' 'Jerusalem Deliver- 
ed 

Discoveries in 

Science 

"Dance of Death"... 

"Leviathan" 



Character 

or 

Profession. 



Author and 

Scientist.. 

Philosopher 

Philosopher 

Author 

Lawyer and 
Author 

Sculptor 
and Pain- 
ter 

Painter 

Painter 

Engraver 
and Sculp- 
tor 

Poet 

Poet 

Poet and 

Author 

Author and 

Courtier... 

Author 

Priest and 

Avithor 

Author 

Poet 

Poet 

Astronomer. 

Painter 

Historian 
and Phil- 
osopher. . . 



Lang-uage 

or 
Nationality. 



Eng-lish. 
Italian. 

Greek. 
English. 

Latin. 

Italian. . - 



Italian. 
Italian. 

German. 



English. 

English. 

English, 

English. 
Spanish. 

French. 
French. 
German. 

Italian. 

Danish. 
German. 

English. 



78 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 





fl ^' 




Chief Work or Mas- 


Character 


Language 


No. 


Names. 




or 


or 








terpieces. 


Profession. 


Nationality. 


22 


17th 


Isaac Newton 


"Principia" 


Scientist 
and Ma- 
themati- 
cian 


English. 


23 




Liebnitz 


Philosophy. , . 


Scientist. . . 


German. 


24 




Rubens 


"Descent of the 












Ci-oss. " 


Painter 


Dutch. 


25 




Vandyck. 


Court Painter for 












Charles I 


Painter. . . . 


Dutch 


26 




Poussin 


"The Last Supper" 


Painter 


French 


27 




B. E. Murillo 


"The marriage of 












St. Catharine". ... 


Painter 


Spanish. 


28 




Ben Johnson.. 


"Every Man in His 










Kepler 


Humor" 


Author 

Philosopher 


English. 
German. 


29 


Laws of Motion 


30 




William Har- 


Discovers the Circu- 










vey 


lation of the Blood 
Philosophical W'ks 


Physician... 
Author.. 


English. 


31 


Descartes .... 


French. 


32 




*Duke of 
Marlborough 
(John 












Churchill... 


' 'Hero of Blenhem. ' ' 


General 


English 


33 




Corneille .... 
John Milton. . 


"Cid." 


Poet 

Epic Poet... 


French. 


34 


"Paradise Lost.". . 


English. 


35 




Jeremy 


"Holy Living and 










Taylor 

La Fontaine... 


Dying. " 


Author 


English. 


36 




"Fables" 


Author 


French. 


37 




Moeire. 


Wrote Comedies 


Dramatist... 


French. 


38 




Bousset 


Wrote Sermons 


Orator and 
Prea.cher. 


French. 


39 




John Bunyan.. 


"Pilgrim's Pro- 


Preacher 








John Dryden. 


gress. " 


and Author 
Poet, etc. . . 


English.' 


40 


"Religio Laici. ". ... 


English. 


41 

42 




Racine, } 
Fenelon. f 


"Telemaque. ".'.... 


Author 


French, 


43 


18th 


Benjamin 


Invents Lightning 


Philosopher 








Franklin... 


Rod. Introduces 
Newspapers 


Printer, 
Statesinan 


American. 


44 




Linnaeus 


Botany 


Author 


Swedish. 


45 




D'Alembert... 


"Memoir of the In- 












tegral Calculus." 


Scientist . . . 


French. 



*Many important General's numes arc omitted in this table because they are more 
properly treated in the outlines of the different wars. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



79 



No. 


a >> 


Names. 


Chief Work or Mas- 


Cliaracter 
or 


Language 
or 




(^5 




terpieces. 


Profession. 


Nationality. 


46 


18th 


John Hunter... 


Works on Anatom.y. 


Scientist . . . 


Scotch. 


47 




Kant 


Metaphysics 


Philosopher 


German. 


48 




Galvani 


Invents Electric 


Inventor 








Sir Wm. 


Battery 


and Scien- 
tist. 


Italian. 




Discovers the Plan- 




49 










Herschel 

Adam Smith.. 


et, Uvcintis 


Astronomer 
Author and 


English. 


50 


"Wealth of Na- 








Lavoisier 


tions. "' 


Scientist.. 
Chemist. . . . 


Scotch. 


51 


Ciiemistrj'... 


French. 


52 




J. Bentham ... 


"Utilitarianism. "... 


Philosopher 


Eng-lish. 


53 




La Place 


"Mecaniqne Celes- 


Philosopher 










tia. " 


and As- 
tronomer . . 


French. 








54 




Jonathan 


"Gulliver's Trav- 










Swift 

Joseph Addi- 


els." 


Author 

Editor and 


English. 


55 










son 


"The Soectator. ". . 


Author 


English. 


56 




Alexander 












Pope 


"Essaj" on Man. " . . 


Poet 


English. 


57 




Montesquieu.. 


"L 'Esprit des 
Lois." (The Spir- 


Author and 








Voltaire 


it of Laws.) 


Thinker. . . 
Author and 


French. 


58 


"Henriade" — 










"Charles XII."... 


Free. 












thinker. . . . 


French. 


5Q 




Buffon 


"HistoireNatu- 
relle." 


Author and 

Scientist . . 

Author 






Fielding- 


French. 


60 


"Tom Jones." 


English. 


61 




Sam Johnson. 


"Rasselas" — "Dic- 












tionary" 


Author 


English. 


62 




David Hume.. 


"History of Eng- 












land" 


Historian . . 


English. 


63 




Rousseau 


"Emile" 


Author and 
Educator... 


Swiss. 


64 




Oliver Gold- 


"Vicar of Wake- 










smith 


field" 

"Laocoon" 


Author 

Author 


English. 


65 


G. E. Lessing 


German. 


66 




Edmund 


"Essjiy on Subl'.me 


Orator and 








Burke 


and Beautiful". ... 


Rhetorician 


English. 



80 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 






15th 



Names. 



Edward Gib- 
bon 



19th 



Robert Burns. 

J. C. F. Schil- 
ler 

Joshua Rej^- 
nolds 

Geo. F. Han- 
del 

Joseph Haydn 

Benjamin 
West 

Joh ann Moz- 
•art 

Antonio Ca- 
nova 

James Brind- 
ley 

James Har- 
e-raves 



Chief Work or Mas- 
terpieces. 



"Rise and'Decfcne 
of the Roman Em- 
pire" 

"Cotter's Saturday 
Niffht" 



"William Tell" 

Pres. Royal Acade- 
my :.; 



"The Messiah" 

"The Creation". . . . 

Painter at Royal 
Academy' 



Character 

or 
Profession. 



Historian . . 
Poet 



'Don Giovanni" 
'Venus and Adon- 
is" 



Invents Queensware 

Cotton manufacture. 
Steam Enefine 



Inventor. 

Inventor. 
Inventor. 



Invents Canals 
Spinning- Jennj 
and Card Ma 
chine 
Josiah Wedge 

wood 

Richard Ark 

wrig-ht. ... 

James Watt.. 

■-Robert Ful 

ton 

Joseph Jac- 

quard 

George Wash 

ington 

Nicolo Paga 

nini 

Alex. M. Hum 

bolt 

fGeorges Cu 

vier iNatural History 

*Jaines Rumse}', of W. Va., is also said to t)e the inventor of the Steamboat. 
tHe had an emminent brotlier scientist, Frederick. 



Steamboat 

Looms to Weave 
Figures 



Frees liis Countrj^.. 
Celebrated Violinist 
"Kosmos" 



Poet 

Artist and 

Painter . . 
Musica.1 

Composer, 
Musician 

and Orator 

Painter . . 
M'asician. 
Sculptor . 
Inventor. .. 
Inventor. .. 



Inventor 

Inventor.... 
General 



Musician. 
Scientist 
and Author 

Scientist.. 



Language. 

or 
Nationality. 



English. 

Scotch. 

German. 

English. 

German. 

Italian. 

American. 

German. 

Italian. 

English. 

English. 



English. 

English. 
Eng-lish. 

American. 

Frencli. 

American. 

Italian. 

German. 

Swiss. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



81 



No. 


r- >^ 


Names. 


Chief Work or Mas- 


Character 
or 


Language 
or 




o5 

19th 




terpieces. 


Profession. 


Nationality. 


87 


Sir Humph- 


Invents Safety 










rey Davey. . 


Matches for lamps 


Inventor 


English. 


88 




Francois D. 


Discovers Diame- 










Arago 


ters of the Planets 


Astronomer 










— Polariscope 


and Artist. 


French. 


89 




SirY/m. Ham- 


Metaphysical Wri- 


Author and 








ilton 


ter 


Philoso- 
pher 


English. 


90 




Michael Fara- 


Physics and Pliil- 


Author and 








day 


osophy 

Philosophical 






91 




Aug-uste 










Comte 


Works 


Author 

Author and 




92 


Baron Liebig. 


Physiolog-y 












Doctor 


German. 


93 




U. J. J. Lever- 


Discovers the plan- 










rier 


et Neptune. 


Astronomer 


French. 


94 




JohnTyndall. 


"Water, Electricity 












and Lig-ht. " 


Philosopher 


English. 


95 




L. J. R. Ag-as- 












siz 


Na,tural Historj^ 






96 




Jno. W. 










Goethe 

J. P. Richter.. 


"Faust." 


Poet.. 

Author and 
Scientist. 




97 


Anatomy 








German. 


98 




William 










Wordsworth. 


"The Excursion.". 


Poet. 


English. 


99 




Walter Scott. 


"Ivanhoe" — 


Novelist and 










"Marmion. " 


Poet 


English. 


100 




Thomas 


"Gertrude of Wyo- 










Campbell... 
lyord Byron. . 


ming". " . 


Poet., 


English. 


101 




"Child Harold's 












Pilg-rimag-e. ". . . . 


Poet. 


English. 


102 




S. T. Cole- 


Essays, Poems, etc. 


Poet and 








ridg-e. ...... 




Author 


English. 


103 




Berang-er 


Satires upon the 












Gout 


Poet 


Frencli. 


104 


F. P. G.Guizot 


"History of Civili- 








Thos. Carlyle 


za.tion. " 


Author 


French. 


105 


"French Revolu- 








1 tion." 


Author English. 


106 




W.H. Prescott "Conquest of Mex- 










ico. " 


Historian ... 


American, 



82 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



Names. 



Chief AVork or Mas- 
terpieces. 



Character 

or 
Profession. 



Lang-uage 
or 

Nationality. 



19th 



"Washington 

Irving 

M. Thiers.... 



T. B. Mc- 
Caulay. . . . 

George Ban- 
croft 

Victor Hugo., 

R. W. Emer- 



"Life of Washing- 
ton.". 

Pres. of France 



Historian ... 

Statesman 
and Histo- 
rian 



"History of Eng- 
la.nd. " 

"History of the 
U. S." 



Author , 



Historian .. 



'Les Miserables." Novelist. 



son 

Nathaniel 
Hawthorne 

Alfred Ten- 
nyson 

\Y. M. Thack- 
eray 

Chas. Dickens 

J. Fenimore 
Cooper 

Albert Thor- 
waldsen. ... 

Ludwig Bee- 
thoven 

Jos. Turner .. 

HoraceVernet 



G. Rosini 

G. Meyerbeer. 



"Scarlet Letter.". 
"Idylls of the 
King.". 



"Essays. " Author, 

Novelist. . . 

Poet. 

"Vauity Fair" Novelist. 

"Nicholas Nicl 

leby. " Novelist 

"Leather Stocking 

Tales." Novelist. 

"Christ and tlie 

Twelve Apostles. ' ' j Sculptor 



Jacob Men- 
delssohn.;... 
Gustave Dore. 

Sir Isaac 
Brunei 



Musical 

Composer. 
Artist 



"Mount of Olives.'' 
Landscape Painter. 
"The Bombardment 

of Madrid." iPainter. 

"William Tell. ". ...:Musical 

Composer. 
Astonislied people 

by his talent v,4ien 

only six y'rs old. 



"Oratorios. ". 

Illustrations for 

Don Quixote . 

Engineer, Tliames 

Tunnel 



Musician. . 
Musician. , 

Artist 

Inventor.. 



American. 

French. 

English. 

American. 
French. 

American. 

American. 

English. 

English. 

English. 

American. 

Danish. 

German. 
English. 

French. 

Italian. 

German. 
German. 
French. 
English. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



83 



No. 

127 

128 

129 
130 

131 

132 
133 

134 

135 
136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 



19th 




Geo. Stephen- 
son 

L. J. M. Da- 
Guerre 

S.F. B. Morse 

Thos. A. Ed- 
ison 

A. Graham 
Bell 

-"Eli Whitney. 

A. Lincoln. . . 

James G, 

Blaine 

Elias Howe... 
Edward Jen- 

ner. 

Edw'in For- 

\ rest 

Charles Good 

year 

Charles G. 

Brush 

William E. 

Sawyer 

John A. Ro- 

eblins". 



Chief Work or Mas- 
terpieces. 



The Locomotive. 



How to fix Images... 
Electric Teleg-raph. 

Phonog-raph 



'Lived in this Century, 



Telephone 

Cotton Gin 

President during' 
Civil AVar in U. S. 

Sec. of State under 
Pres. Harrison... 

Sewing'- Machine. . . 

Discovers and intro- 
duces Va.ccination. 

Patriarch of his 
Country 

Invents Vulcanized 
India. Rubber 

Invents the Arc 
Lig-ht La.mp 

Incandescent Car- 
bon Lamp. 

Desig-ned the East 
River Suspension 
Bridge 

but his invention was in 1 



Character 

or 

Profession. 



Inventor.. . . 
Inventor 

and Artist. 
Inventor 



Inventor, 

Inventor. 
Inventor. 



Statesman 



Orator.. . 
Inventor. 



Physician., 
Actor and 
Trag-edian, 

Inventor... . 

Inventor.... . 

Inventor, 



Architect ... 

792. 



Lang'-uage 

or 
Nationality. 



English. 

French. 
American. 

American, 

American. 
American. 

American. 

American. 
American. 

'English. 

American. 

American. 

American. 

American. 

American. 



84 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

CKapter XX¥IL — l^fstorkal Fseadon/ms aivd 
Sa/tix^s* 

1. "The Snow King-" — Gustavus Adolphus. 

2. "The Winter King-" — Palatine Frederick, son-in-law 

of James I. 

3. "The Marathon of Switzerland" — Morgarten. 

4. "The Sea Begg-ars"— The Dutch. 

5. "The first man in Europe and the second in France" — 

Louis XIII. 

6. "The Nephew of his Uncle" — Aug-ustus. 

7. "First Gentleman in Europe" — Geo. IV. of England. 

8. "Little Man in Red Stockings" — Emperor Leopold of 

Germany. 

9. "Last of the Tribunes"— Rienzi. 

10. "Madman of the North"— Chas. XII. of Sweden. 

11. "The Silent One"— William I. of Netherlands. 

12. "The Lost Dauphin" — Louis XVII. who suffered in 

prison two years and died. 

13. "First of the Stuarts" — James VI. of Scotland. 

14. "The Conqueror of Crecy"— Edward III. of Scot- 

land. 

15. "The Merry Monarch"— Chas. II. of England. 

16. "The Conqueror of Blenheim" — Marlborough. 

17. "The Philosopher" — Marcus Aurelius Autonius. 

18. "The Pretender"^- James III., son of James II. 

19. "The Young Pretender" — Charles III., son of Jas. 11. 

20. "Battle of the Nations" — Leipsic. 

■ 21. "Best of the Georg-es"- Georg-e IV. of England. 

22. "King Hal"— Henry VIII. of England. 

23. "Citizen King" — Louis Phillipe of France. 

24. "The Great Prussian Drill Sergeant" — Carlyle says, 

Frederick William I. 

25. "Conqueror of Agincourt" — Henry V. of England. 

26. "Queen Bess" — Elizabeth of England. 

27. "iron Duke" — Count Von Moltke of Prussia. 

28. "Greatest of the Plantagenets" — Richard I. of Eng. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 85 

'King- of Bourg-es" — Charles VII. of France. 
'Good Oueen Anne" — Anne Stuart of Eng-land. 
'The Vlro-in Oueen"— 



irr^u KT 1 f -n M r Elizabeth of Ensfland. 

'The Napoleon of Peace 

"King- of- the French" — Louis Phillipe of Orleans. 

'Prisoner of Ham" — Napoleon III. 

"Grand Monarch" — Louis XIV. of France. 

"Eugenie" — Empress of Napoleon III. 

'The Do Nothing- Kings" — Merovingian "^line of 
France. 

"Corporal Violet" — Napoleon. 

"Hero of Rocroi" — Conde of France: 

"The Sailor King-"— William IV. of England. 

'Pride's Purg-e" — The soldiers under Col. Pride that 
shut Presbyterians out of Parliament. 

"Hero of Marston Moor" — Oliver Cromwell. 

"The Ironsides" — Cromwell's Troops. 

"The Black Hole"— Calcutta Prison. 

'The Black Prince"— Edward I. of England. 

"Father Fritz" — Frederick I. of Prussia. 

"The Sick Man"— Sultan of Turkey. 

'The Horace of France" — Boileau. 

"Upholsterer of Notre Dame" — Luxembourg-. 

"Hero of the Red Shirt "—Garibaldi of Italy, 

"The Flower of Chivalrie" — E. Spenser says this of 
Sir Philip Sidney. 

"The King- Maker"— Earl of Warwick, Eng-land. 

"I am the State"— Louis XIV. 

•The Scourg-e of God"— Attila the Hun. 

"Wisest Fool in Europe" — James I. of Eng-land, (Au- 
thor, Sully of France.) 

"Last of the Knig-hts" — Maximilian of Germany. 

"After Me the Delug-e"— Louis XV. 

"The Citizen King"^ — Louis Phillippe. 

"The Little Corporal" — Napoleon. 

"The Sword of Rome" — Marcellus. 

*Line, here means family. 



86 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

61. "Book of the Dead," [ Phahtokeps Ritual for the 

62. "Dispensar3'of theSonl" j Soul after Death. 

63. "The Eg-yptian Alexander the Great"— Thotmes III. 

64. "Daug-hter of Sidon and Mother of Carthag-e"— Tyre 

(a city.) 

65. "School of Greece" — Athens. 

66. "Eve of Greece"— Corinth. 

67. "The Seven-hilled City"— Rome. 

68. "Hundred Gate Thebes"— Thebes of Eg-ypt. 

69. "The Relig-ious Conqueror" — Constantine. 

70. "The False Smerdis" — Gomates of Persia. 

71. "The Eg-yptian Iliad"— Epic of Pentaur. 

72. "The Sacred Mount" — Mons Sacer in Rome. 

73. "Eldest Daug-hter of the Empire" — Venice in Italy. 

74. "The Lost Tribes"— Ten tribes of the Israelites. 

75. "Pearl of the East" — Princess Roxana of Persia. 

76. "The Third Founder of Rome"— Caius Marius. 

77. "The Blind Bard"— Homer. 

78. "The Lame old Schoolmaster"— Tyrtaeus. 

79. "The Theban Eag-le"— Pindar. 
SO. "The Attic Bee"— Sophocles. 

81. "The Mantuan Bard"— Virg-il. 

82. "The Lig-ht of Mankind"— Christ. 

83. "The Lesbian Nig-hting-ale" — Sappho. 

84. "Father of History"— Herodotus. 

85. "The Great Commoner"— William Pitt. 

86. "Aaron the Just" — Haroun-al-Raschid. 

87. "Grand old Man"— W. E. Gladstone. 

88. "The Washing-ton of S. A."— Gen. Simon Bolivar. 

89. "The Relig-ious Conqueror"— Tiglath Pileser I. 

90. "Hereof the Arabian Nig-hts" — Haroun-al-Raschid. 

91. "Conqueror of -Babylon" — Inscription on Tig-lathin- 

ins' Ring. 

92. "The Conqueror of Babylon" — Cyrus of Persia. 

93. "The Honest King-" — Victor Emmanuel II. 

94. "Delenda est Carthago" — Cato the Censor — said it of 

Carthage. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 87 

95. "Master, remember the Athenians"— Darius had his 

servant repeat this to him. 

96. "The Rich King-"— Croesus. 

97. "Et tu, Brute"— Ccesar to Brutus. 

98. "Head of the Army" (in Eng-. )— Napoleon's Last 

Words. 

99. "My Work is Done"— Cromwell's Last Words. 

100. "I am the Rear Guard of the Grand Army"— Marshal 

Ney of France. 

101. "Ah! Carthag-e, I behold thy doom"— Hannibal. 

102. "Defender of the Faith"— Henry VKL 

103. "Thank God, I have done my duty"— Lord Nelson's 

Last Words. 

104. "The Three Days of July"— Revolution of 1830 in 

France. 

105. "Not angles, but angels"— Greg-ory said it of the Eng- 

lish slaves. 

106. "The 10,000 Immortals"— Part of Xerxes' Guards. 

107. "Laws Written in Blood"— Draco's Laws for Athens. 

108. "Rape of the Sabines"— Capture of wives bv the Ro- 

mans. 

109. "The First Triumvirate"— Caesar, Pompey and Cras- 

sus. 

110. "TheSecond Triumvirate"— Augustus, Anthony and 

■ Lepidus. 

111. "To free men, threats, have no power"— Cicero of 

Rome. 

112. "Veni, vidi, vici"— Ceesar. 

113. "I will send one of mv old boots to govern you" — 

Charles XH. . ' 

114. "You are a bad imitation of Ulysses"— Solon to Pisis- 

t rat us. 

115. "Thou hast saved Rome but lost thy son"— Coriolanus 

to his mother. 

116. "Morton's Fork"— System of begging for the church. 

117. "The Divine Right of Kings"— Claimed by the Stuarts 

of England, and Bourbons, of France. 



88 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

118. "The Ayrshire Plowman" — Robert Burns. 

119. "A Novel without a Hero"— Thackeray 's Vanity Fair. 

120. "Georg-e Eliot"— Mary Ann Evans. 

121. "In 1806 the 120th of the Caesars became only Francis 

II., of Austria" — Francis held the Title of Caesar of 
the Western Roman Empire, but Napoleon blotted 
the Empire out. 

122. "The Ladies' Peace"— Treaty between Francis I., of 

France and Chas. V., of Germany, concluded by the 
King-'s mother and Emperor's Aunt. 

123. "Better a drowned land than a lost land" — The cry 

of the Dutch when Leyden was besieg^ed by the 
Spanish in 1574. They loosened the dykes. 

124. "I do not intend to blush like Sig-ismund" — Charles V. 

when urg-ed to break his pledg-e of safe conduct 
promised Martin Luther. 

125. "Some bids are too big- for any cag-e" — Ney was to 

bring- back Napoleon to Paris in an iron cag"e, but 
fell into his arms. 

126. "Varus, give me back my Leg-ions" — Aug-ustus, after 

defeat of Romans, 9 A. D. 

127. "'Tis a sharp medicine, but a cure for all ills" — Wal- 

ter Raleig-h, when he felt the edg-e of the Executor's 
axe. 

128. "Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served 

my country, he would not have g-iven me over in my 
g-ray hairs" — Thomas Wolsley, Henry VIII's. prime 
minister, after incurring- the King-'s displeasure. 

129. "The Five Good Emperors"— (1) Nerva, (3) Trajan, 

(3) Hadrian, (4) Antonius Pius, (5) Marcus A. An- 
tonuis. 

130. "If you could see the cabbag-e I have planted you 

would never ask me to remount the throne" — Diocle- 
tian writing- to Maximian who desired they should 
ag-ain become Emperors. 

131. "With such soldiers I could conquer the world" — 

Pyrrhus said this of the Romans, his enemies. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 89 

132. "The Elgin Marbles"— Mythical Sculptures sent 

from Athens to London by Eng-lish. 

133. "Temple of the Sphinx" — The human-headed Lion 

Rock 190 feet, near Ghizeh. 

134. "The Four Great Schools of Philosophy."—!. Acade- 

mic; 2. Peripatetic; 3. Epicurean; 4. Stoic. 

135. "I pride myself that no Athenian has ever had occasion 

to mourn on m}" account" — Pericles. 

136. "His wisdom surpassed that of all the children of the 

East and of Eg-v^pt." — Solomon, the last King- of 
Judea. 

137. "It is easier to turn the Sun from its course than 

Fabricus from the path of honor" — Pj^rrhus, the 
Greek General. 

138. "The Cincinnatus of the A¥est"— Lord Byron's Title 

for Washing-ton. 

139. "Lion of the North" — Gustavus Adolphus. 

140. "Would that the people of Rome had but one neck, so 

I could cut it off at a sing-le blow" — Emperor Cali- 
g-ula. 

141. "I knew these Svv'edes would beat us at first, but in 

the end they will teach us how to beat them" — Peter 
the Great after the battle of Narva. 

142. The King- that "ate g-rass like an ox" — Nebuchednez- 

zar. 

143. "Who kept theBridg-e in the brave days of old" — Hora- 

tius of early Rome. 

144. "Madman of the North"— Charles XII., of S,weden. 

145. "The Last of the Greeks" — Philopoemon. 



90 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



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OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 91 

CKapter XXIX, — /Iivcfei\t i^Tstor/ Kecreatfoivs. 

I. Questions on Egypt. 

1. When and by whom was Eg-ypt founded? 

2. Describe the Hyksos and tell of their reig-n. 

3. What Pharaohs built the pyramids? Who "refused to 

let the Israelites g-o?" 

4. Name the rival cities and tell of their rise and decline. 

5. To what different countries has Eg-ypt been subjected? 

6. What may be said briefly of Eg-yptian education and 

and religion? 

7. For what are they noted? 

II. Questions on China and India. 

8. For what are these people noted? 

9. State the chief characteristics of their education and 

relig-ion. 

10. Who was Confucius? Chewangte? 

11. Name the earliest dates in each country of which there 

is a record. 

12. How did they reg-ard other nations? 

III. Babylonia-Assyria. 

13. What date marks the rise of Babylonia and Assyria? 

14. Who was the first King- of Assyria? 

15. By whom was Babv^on founded and when? 

16. Give a brief description of Bab v Ion, comparing- its size 

with the present size of London. 

17. Name three of Bab3don's most noted rulers. 

18. Name the rival cities. 

19. Explain the Biblical quotation, "The hand writino- on 

the wall." 

IV. Phcentcia and Judea. 

20. For what were the Phoenicians noted? 

21. When does the history of this nation beg-in? 

22. Name the rival cities. 

23. Where is Carthag-e? By whom founded? When? 

24. What is the earliest date in Hebrew History. 



92 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

25. What was the "Exodus?" When did it occur? 

26. Name the greatest rulers of Judea. 

27. Give the account of the division of the monarchy. 

28. In what condition are the Hebrews today? 

V. Medo-Persia. 

29. How did Media and Persia become one nation? 

30. What Persian King- had Daniel thrown into the "den of 

lions?" 

31. Explain the saying-, "As unchangeable as the laws of 

the Medes and Persians." 

32. Describe the Persian court. 

33. Name three of the g-reatest rulers. 

34. Give dates of Persia's rise, zenith and decline. 

35. What relig-ions had their birth in Persia? 

VI. Greece. 

36. Who were the first inhabitants of Greece? 

37. Recite the leg-end of the Trojan War. 

38. What classes of people were there in Greece? 

39. Name the three g-reat law-g-ivers of Greece. 

40. Define the words tyrant and slave as formerly used. 

41. What was ostracism? 

42. When, where and by whom was the first decisive bat- 

tle of the world foug-ht, and what was the result? 

43. Who pitted the larg-est army the world ever saw ag-ainst 

Greeks? Where did he meet with unexpected op- 
position? Where finally defeated? 

44. Who was Pericles? 

45. What enabled Athens to withstand such a long- sieg-ein 

the Peloponnesian war? 

46. What was "The retreat of Ten Thousand?" 

47. Who org-anized the Macedonian phalanx? Give a sketch 

of his life. 

48. What became of Alexander's King-dom after his death? 

49. When did Greece become a Roman province? 

50. Note the contrasts in the education of the Spartans and 

Athenians. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 93 

51. Name four Greek historians. 

52. Name four poets. 

53. Name four of each of the leading orators, painters, 

sculptors and philosophers. 

54. Name the four great schools of philosophy, giying au- 

thors and the dates of the founding- of each. 

55. For what one thing" were the Grecians most renowned? 

56. What cities were rivals? 

57. Make a list of some of the greatest generals in chrono- 

logical order. 

58. What was the nature of their religion? 

59. How did it in the modern era pass under control of 

Turkey, and how did it become free? 

60. Who was Marco Bozzaris? 

61. When and what was the result of the battle of Mis- 

solonghi? 

VII. Rome. 

62. When and by whom was Rome founded? 

63. What two classes of people figured in Roman History? 

64. Who was Cincinnatus? Horatio? 

65. Give a short sketch of the earh' Brutus. 

66. How many Kings had Rome in her early days? 

67. Give their names. 

68. What Carthaginian general invaded Rome? With 

what success did he meet? 

69. Give a short sketch of each of the following men: Ma- 

rius, Sulla and Cataline. 

70. Who constituted the first triumvirate, and when was 

it formed? 

71. State the results of the triumvirate, briefly. 

72. Of whom was the second triumvirate composed, and 

when was it formed? 

73. State the character of the men. 

74. How was Anthony captured by his royal enemy? 

75. What date marks the beginning of Imperial Rome? 

76. Who is the central figure in all history, and who was 

emperor when he was born? 



94 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

77. Who said, "I would that the Romans had but one neck 

so I mig-ht cut it off at a sing-le blow?" 

78. Who lig-hted his g-ardens wath "human torches?" 

79. Name the five "Good Emperoi's." 

80. What and when was the ag'e of the Thirty Tyrants? 

81. How was Constantine converted to Christianity? 

82. When was the empire divided? 

83. Name the three g"reat barbaric leaders who inyaded 

Rome. 

84. Who was the last Roman Monarch? 

85. Name four of each of the leading- poets, orators, his- 

torians and philosophers. 

86. Describe a g^ladiatiorial combat. 

87. Name the six successive world empires. 

88. Of w^hat did the Roman Education consist? 

89. Name the dates Vv'hich mig-ht be taken for the beg-in- 

ning- of Mediaeval History. 

90. Name the commanders and g-ive the results of the 

following- battles : Trasimenus, Zama, Phillippia,nd 
Actium. 



CKapter XXX, — TQedfaeval ijfstor/ Kecreatloivs, 

I. Races. 

1. What event marks the beg-inning- of Mediaeval Histo- 

rv^? Give the date of the Dawn and of Modern 
History. 

2. Who were the Ostrog-oths, Visig-oths, Burg-undians, 

Vandals. Meroving-ians, Lombards, Ang-lo-Saxons 
and Huns, and where did each race settle? 

3. Explain why it was that the barbarians were converted 

to Christianity. 

4. Define monasticism and tell why it flourished in the 

iniddle ag-es. 

5. What were the Romance tong-ues? 

6. When and what were the happening's under the reig-ns 

of Justinian and Heraclius? 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY • 95 

II. Mohammedanism. 

7. Who was Mohammed? 

8. What was the Heg-ira? 

9. What three things did the Mohammedans ask of other 

nations ? 

10. Describe the battle of Tours. 

11. How was the empire divided? 

12. State briefly the effects of Saracenic Civilization. 

III. Crusades and Chivalry, etc. 

13. Who were the crusaders, and why so called? 

14. What was the general effect of the crusades? 

15. Define Feudalism. 

16. Define Chivalry. 

17. Describe a cast-le. 

18. How were the lands held? 

19. State the order of procedure in conferring knighthood. 

20. Describe the Tournament. 

21. What effect had these practices upon the manners of 

the people? 

IV. Rise of Modern Nations. 

22. Who was Clovis, Pepin the Short, and Charlemagne? 

23. What conquests did Charlemagne m^ake, and how w^as 

his kingdom linally divided? 

24. Where did the Northmen wander in the middle ages? 

25. Who ruled France in the middle ages. 

26. In whose reign did absolutism triumph? 

27. X)escribe the battles of Crecy, Agincourt and Orleans, 

(briefly.) 

28. When was the French Monarchy consolidated? 

29. How many conquests were made of England? Give 

dates of each. 

30. Tell of the conquest of Ireland, Wales and Scotland 

by England. 

31. What events mark the growth of a constitutional mon- 

archy in England? 

32. Why was the War of the Roses so called? Give date. 



96 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

33. What great narnes are connected with French and 

Eng-lish Mediaeval Histor}^? 

34. Compare the g-eneral conditionof Germany with France 

and En g-] and. 

35. Name and g-ive dates of the different dynasties in Ger- 

many. 

36. AVhen was the "Great Interreg-num?" 

37. Describe the House of Hapsburg-. 

38. When did the Holy Roman Empire beg-in and end, and 

w^hat was its condition in the Middle Ag-es? 

39. When does Switzerland's History beg-in? 

40. Name the three battles for Swiss Liberty. 

41. AVhat was the condition of her g-overnment? 

42. Recite the leg-end of William Tell. 

43. Describe the g-rowth of the Papacy. 

44. Who was the "last of the Tribunes?" 

45. How did it happen that so many Italian cities became 

independent? 

46. Name the chief of these cities, and tell something- for 

which each is noted. 

47. Give a brief sketch of Joan of Arc. 

48. Who was John Huss? Sig-ismund? Maximilian? 

49. Name some inventions of the Mediaeval Period. 

50. What was the condition of punishment in these times? 

51. • How many and what dates mig-ht be taken as the be- 

g-inning- of Modern History? 

52. What inventions and happening's are clustered around 

these dates? 

53. Who introduced printing- into Eng-land? 



CKapter XXXL — TQoderii iitstor/ RecreatfoRS* 

I. Other Countmes Than England. 

1. What were the results of the wars of Charles VIH. of 

France? 

2. Give results of the wars of Louis XH. in Italy. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 97 

3. What led to the Reformation? 

4. Why were the reformers called Protestants? 

5. What nations embraced the new doctrines? 

6. What relation was Charles V. to Charles the Bold of 

Burg-undy? 

7. Name the rivals of Charles V. 

8. Who was Loyola? 

9. Give a sketch of the Guises. 

10. Who was William the Silent? 

11. What became of the different provinces of the Nether- 

lands? 

12. What became of William, Prince of Orang-e? 

13. What noted descendant had he? 

14. How were the Hapsburg- dominions divided upon the 

death of Charles V? 

15. Who was Solyman the mag-nificent? 

16. Describe briefly the Turkish wars. 

17. Describe the causes of the Thirty Years war. 

18. Who was Wallenstein? 

19. Who was Gustavus Adolphus? 

20. What treaty closed the war? 

21. What was accomplished by this war? 

22. What countries made settlements in America? 

23. Locate the principal or chief settlements of each coun- 

24. Whv did Christina abdicate the throne of Sweden? 

25. Wh3 was Charles XII ? 

26. Give a sketch of the life of Peter the Great. 

27. Tell of the dismemberment of Poland. 

28. Who were the most influential Popes of Modern His- 

tory? 

29. Tell of Frederick the Great and the Rise of Prussia. 

30. Describe the "War of the Austrian Succession." 

31. Give a sketch of the reig^n of the Bourbons in France. 

32. What was che policy of Cardinal Richilieu? 

33. For what was Louis XIV. noted? 

34. What followed Mazarin's death? 



98 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

35. Give the causes and incidents (briefly) of the "War of 

the Spanish Succession?" 

36. In what wars did Louis XIV. engage? 

37. What possessions did France lose in the last war? 

38. What led to the French Revolution? 

39. What parties had they in this war? 

40. Name some of the impetuous leaders of the French. 

41. Name five generals of the Republic. 

42. What dates mark the "Reign of Terror?" 

43. What became of the ro3?-al family? 

44. Give a sketch of Napoleon. 

45. Who was Napoleon III? 

46. Describe the Holy Alliance. 

47. When did the Greek Revolution occur, and what was 

the result? 

48. What Revolutions and wars occurred in 1848? 

49. What was the seven years wai'? The seven weeks 

war? The seven months war? 

50. Describe the Franco-Prussian war and give the re- 

sults. 

51. Mention all the chief recent modern events since this 

war. 

IL England. 

52. What was done in England under the reign of Henry 

VIII.? 

53. How many wives had he? Name them. 

54. Describe his character. 

55. Tell the story of Wolsley. 

56. Who succeeded Henry VIIL, and when? 

57. Give a sketch of Somerset. 

58. Who was lady Jane Grey? 

59. Who was Mary Tudor. 

60. Name the principal events of Queen Elizabeth's reign. 

61. Give a sketch of Sir Walter Raleigh. 

62. Describe the foreign policy of James I. 

63. Of w^hom was'it said, "He is the wisest fool in Europe?" 

64. Who said it? 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HIvSTORY 99 

65. State the troubles between Charles I. and his parlia- 

ment. 

66. Who was Hampden? Strafford? Laud? 

67. AVhat parties had they in Eng-land then? 

68. How long- did the Civil War last. 

69. What became of Charles I.? , 

70. Who succeeded him? 

71. Give a sketch of Oliver Cromwell. 

72. What bodies were called the Long- and Short Parlia- 

ments? 

73. When and what was the "Restoration?" 

74. Describe the Gunpowder Plot. 

75. What parties antedated the Cavaliers and Roundheads, 

and what p'arties have succeeded them? 

76. When and under whose reig-n was the present Protest- 

ant version of the Bible translated? 

77. W^ho were the "Pretenders?" 

78. How did it happen that they were ojilv pretenders? 

79. Tell the story of the American Revolution. 

80. Who succeeded Geo. IV.? 

81. Describe the Crimean War. 

82. Give a sketch of the British in India. 

83. What was done by Warren Hasting-s, and who was he? 

84. Who made the g-reat speech ag-ainst him? 

85. Give a short sketch of the history of Australia. 

86. What caused our second war with Great Britain? 

87. Mention some recent events in Eng-lish History. 

88. Who is termed the "Grand Old Man?" • 

89. When did Queen Victoria come to the throne? 

90. Who is the prime minister at present? 

91. What did Cardinal Mazzini, the Italian patriot, say of 

the g-rowth of liberty? 



100 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

Chapter XXXII. — /iRswers to QuestioRS on 
Geiveral I^fstor/. 

Ancient History — I. Egypt. 

1. Eg-ypt was founded by Menes about 3700 B. C. 

2. The Hyksos or Shepherd King-s entered Eg-j^pt about 

1900 B. C, and conquered the country, ruling- it un- 
til 1525 B. C. The country prospered exceedingly 
under their reign. They were called the "Shepherd 
Kings" because they were herdsmen and brought 
their flocks with them. 

3. Khufu and his successors. Rameses II. 

4. Memphis and Thebes. Memphis was the first capital — 

founded bv Menes, and supplanted by Thebes which 
arose in the Xth dynasty. (Thotmes III. was from 
Thebes.) 

5. Persia, Greece, Rome, Turkey, France and England. 

6. They were learned in the arts and sciences, but ex- 

tremely superstitious and irreligious. They wor- 
shipped the gods Osiris, (husband), Isis, (wife) and 
Horus, (son), the planets, animals and the Nile river. 

7. Pyramids, Obelisks, Sphinxes, Statues, Hieroglyphics 

and Mummies. 

II. China and India. 

8. Their policy of non-intercourse with other nations; 

reverence for their ancestors: the Great Wall; clas- 
sics of Confucius; and memory cultivation. 

9. They consider it a disgrace for a child to learn more 

than his parents knew, and they had four kinds of 
religion. In China, Confucianism or a following af- 
ter the teachings of Confucius, Taoism or a system 
of reasoning, were both followed ; while in India 
Brahmanism, as taught by the priest Brahma, was 
follow^ed, and Buddhism, as presented by Buddha, 
is practiced in both countries. 
10. (a) He was the greatest teacher of China and flourished 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 101 

in the 5th century B. C. (b) Chewang--te built the 
great wall (215—204 B. C.) 

11. China, 3000 B. C. India, 1500 B. C. 

12. They reg"arded them as barbarians. 

III. Babylonia-Assyria. 

13. Assyria, 1250 B. C. Babylonia, 625 B. C. 

14. Tig-lathinin. 

15. Babylon was founded by Nimrod, a mig-hty hunter, 

about 4000 B. C. 

16. Babylon was noted for her monuments, hang'ing' g"ar- 

dens and aquariums. She was five times as larg^e as 
London is now, and the admiration of the then known 
world. 

17. Nabopolassar, Nebuchednezzar and Belshazzar. 

18. Babylon, which was the seat of g-overnment until 1250 

B. C, and rose ag^ain 625 B. C, and Nineveh, w^hich 
was the capital from 1256 B. C. to 625 B. C. 

19. Belshazzar, the last King- of Babylon, held a g-reat feast 

and amid the uproar of drunken revelry, a hand was 
seen writing- on the wall in his room. The King- was 
much astonished and sent for his astrolog-ers and 
soothsayers, but none of them could explain the 
meaning- of the words: — "Mene-mene-Tekel-Uphar- 
sin" — which were written. At last the King- sent 
for Daniel and he interpreted it as follows: "The 
days of thy king-dom are numbered. Thou art 
weig-hed in the balance and found wanting-, and thy 
king-dom shall be divided among- the Persians." 
That very nig-ht Cyrus turns the Euphi-ates from 
its course, enters the city and captures it. 

IV. Phoenicia and Judea. 

20. They invented the alphabet, and were noted as com- 

mercial people and traders. 

21. About 1550 B. C. 

22. Sidon and Tyre. 

23. Carthasre was founded in Africa on the Mediterranean 



102 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

sea by Phoenicians from Tyre in 880 B. C. 

24. The beg-inning- of the Patriarchal Ag-e, 2000 B. C. 

25. The Exodus was the going out or the removal of the 

Israelites from Eg"ypt. It occurred in 1491 B. C. 

26. Saul, David and Solomon. 

27. The division occurred in 975 B. C. and two of the tribes 

known as yz/i^if/'// accepted Rehoboam as their King", 
and had their capital at Jerusalem; and the other ten 
tribes knowai as Israel made Jeroboam King- with 
their capital at Samaria. These last tribes were 
captured by Sarg-on and iinall}^ became known as the 
"lost tribes." 

28. They are scattered over the face of the earth, being- 

the most numerous in Russia and Austro-Hung■ar3^ 
V. Medo-Peksia. 

29. The Medes under Cyaxares were the leading- nation at 

first, overthrowing- Nineveh. Astyg-es, the son of 
Cyaxares, became the father-in-law of Cyrus of Per. 
sia, and Cyrus attended the King-'s court so. much 
that he was liked b}^ the Medis who revolted and 
were united into one nation under Cja'us with the 
Persians. 

30. Cyrus, who captured Babylon (Darius of the Bible). 

31. The Medes and Persians seldom, if ever, chang-ed 

their minds in reg-ard to either laws or customs. 
See Daniel VI— 12. 

32. It w^as as extravagant as the modern one of Louis XIV., 

but not so proflig-ate. Wines were freely used. The 
King- had -upwards of fifteen thousand servants and 
attendants, besides numerous courtiers, and spies 
of every description, imag-inable, almost. 

33. Cyrus, Cambyses and Darius I. 

34. 538 B. C; 500 B. C; 486 B. C. on until 330 B. C, when it 

becomes subject to Greece. 

35. Zoroastrianism, which was the worship of Zoroaster 

as taught in the book, "Zend-avesta." It taught a 
system of dualism in nature, Ormazd being the God 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 103 

of Lig-ht, and Ahriraann, the God of Darkness. 
They worshipped both of these Gods ; Mag-ianism, or 
the worship of the mag-icians; and the Ghebers or 
worshippers of fire. 

VI. Greece, 

36. The Pelasg-ians, who were conquered and absorbed by 

the Hellenes. 

37. Paris, the son of Priam, King- of Trov, had seized 

Helen, wife of Menelaus, King- of Sparta, and car- 
ried her off to his home. Agamemnon, the brother- 
in-law of Menelaus, tog-ether with a lot of Grecian 
warriors sails for Troy to aveng-e the wrong-. They 
laid sieg-e to Troy for nine years and finally took the 
city by the statag-em of the wooden horse. Achilles, 
Ajax, Ulysses, Nestor and Diomed were chiefs in 
this mytholog-ical war. 

38. The Dorians and lonians were the races of early 

Greece, and the .Spartans and Athenians were the 
leading- classes of later Greece. 

39. Lycurg-us of Sparta. Draco and Solon of Athens. 

40. A tyrant, formerly, meant one who usurped power, and 

he mig-ht be either a g-ood or a bad ruler. The word 
slave, simply meant a servant. 

41. The word is derived from the Greek word osfros, 

shell. When the people disliked a statesman, or 
g-eneral, they wrote his name on shells, and if a ma- 
jority of the shells were written (i. e. with the name 
on them) on, the man whose name was so inscribed 
was banished for life, or for a stated period, from 
his country. 

42. In 490 B. C. at Marathon, between the Greeks under 

Miltiades, and the Persians under Datis and Arta- 
phernes. The Greeks won a sig-nal victory. 

43. (a) Xerxes, King- of Persia, who had 1,500,000 men. 

(b) At the pass of Thermopylae, (c) At Salamis, 
on water, and at Platea and Mycale on land,479B. C. 



a 



104 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

44. A noted ruler under the Athenian Leadership (479 B. 

C. to 431 B. C.) 

45. The protection afforded by her walls and Persian g^old. 

46. The retreat of 10,000 Greeks under Xenophon who 

made a foolhardy expedition ag^ainst Cyrus the 
Young-er of Persia. 

47. Alexander the Great. He was the son of Philip of 

Macedonia, who already had all of the other Grecian 
states at his feet. Alexander became King- when he 
was only twenty years old, (335 B. C.) and after he 
had dealt some of his crushing blows upon his rebel- 
lious subjects, he entered upon a world-conquering- 
tour. He crossed the Hellespont with 35,000 men 
and in the decisive battles of Granicus, Issus and 
Arbela he defeated the Persians and took possession 
« of their empire. He next conquered India, and was 
preparing to attack Carthag^e and Sicily when a sud- 
den fever put an end to his military career. He died 
at the age of 32, having- reig-ned thirteen years. 

48. There was much contention among his g-enerals for 

many years, but after the battle of Ipsus,301 B. C, it 
was divided as follows: Seleucus received Syria and 
the East; Lysimachus, Thrace and Asia Minor; 
Ptolemy, Eg-ypt, and Cassander, Greece and Mace- 
donia. 

49. In 30 B. C. 

50. The Spartans were taught to be adi'oit, skillful and 

cultivated bluntness. Their training- was of a mili- 
tary nature. The Athenians were taug-ht manners, 
rhythms, and harmonies and g-3aTinastics. They 
cultivated a taste for the beautiful in nature and art. 

51. Thucydides, Diodorus-Siculus, Herodotus and Plu- 

tarch. (Answers may differ on these questions as 
found in this book.) 

52. Homer, Hesiod, Pindar and Aeschylus. 

53. (a) The immortal Demosthenes, Pericles, Aeschines 

and Anaxag-oras. (b) Zeuxis, Apollodonis, Parrha- 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 105 

sius and Melanthins. (c) Phidias, Polj'clitus, M}^- 
ron and Praxiteles. 

54. See pag-e 28. Dates are 550 B. C, 350 B. C, 330 B. C, 

and 475 B. C. respectively. 

55. Bravery. 

56. Sparta and Athens, and Thebes and Corinth. 

57. Miltiades, Themistocles, Aristides, Alcibiades, Epa- 

minondas, Ag-esilaus II., Philip and Alexander the 
Great. 

58. They worshipped g-reat imaginary g-ods, and about three 

thousand minor gods and goddesses. (See outline 
on Greece.) It was purely a mj^thological religion. 

59. The Turks were trying- to revolutionize the world and 

they took Constantinople in 1453 A. D. Greece re- 
volted in the 19th century and became free by the 
assistance of England and France. 

60. A Grecian leader in the war for independence against 

Turkey. He was killed at the battle of Missolonghi. 

61. This battle was fought in 1824. The Greeks were suc- 

cessful, although their leader v/as killed. 
VII. Rome. 

62. It was founded by Romulus in 753 B. C. 

63. The Patricians or nobles, and the Plebeians or com- 

mon people. 

64. (a) Cincinnatus was a plowman, who was waited upon 

by a committee from the Senate which informed 
him that he was chosen to lead the armies of Rome 
and save his country. He did their bidding- and 
saved his country, but could not be persuaded to re- 
main at the head of affairs of State and went back 
to his plow, (c^ Horatio, single-handed, held a 
bridge and kept the Etruscans at bay until the Ro- 
inans had a chance to save themselves by swimming 
the Tiber. 

65. He was one of the hrst consuls under the Republic in 

509 B. C, and he sentenced two of his own sons to 
death for being traitors. He was killed in a battle 



106 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

with the Etruscans, but the Romans were victorious. 

66. Seven. 

67. Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullius Hostilius, Ancus 

Martius, Tarquin the Elder, Servius Tullius and 
Tarquin the Proud. 

68. Hannibal. He was successful for a number of years, 

but was finally overcome by the odds ag^ainst him. 

69. When the Jug-urthine war occurred, (110-109 B. C.) 

Marius was made consul, and Sulla, abrig-ht but dis- 
solute young- man, was g-eneral. The g^eneral was 
to obey the consul, and the consul could not serve 
for a period long-er than two years. They both vio- 
lated these laws, and torn by internal strife, and 
harrassed by the barbarians, Rome entered into a 
civil war. At first Marius was expelled, and Sulla 
with his conquering- leg-ionsi captured Rome. Then 
Marius g-athered a force of troops and he came back 
and took the imperial city, but died (88 B. C.) before 
Sulla returned from his conquering- tour in Asia. 
Next followed a reig-n of terror for Sulla murdered 
6,000 soldiers of the opposite party. After three 
years of dreadful rule he resig-ned suddenly, and 
died (78 B. C). (b) Cataline was a dissolute noble- 
man who secretly attempted (63 B. C.) to overthrow 
the Roman g-overnment by assassinating- the con- 
suls. The plot seemed likely to succeed, until Cicero, 
the orator and lawyer, became acquainted with the 
facts, when prompt measures were introduced to 
stop It. Cataline died leading- his rebellious citizens 
and Cicero, for his work, has been hailed as the 
"Father of His Country." 

70. Ccesar, Pompey and Crassus; 60 B. C. 

71. The other two g-ot the wealth of Crassus, who was 

murdered while fig-hting- in Parthia. Pompey and 
Caesar acted in harmon}" for a time, but jealousies 
arose and Caesar defeated Pompey g-aining- the 
throne. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 107 

72. Octavius, (Aug-ustus) Antony and Lepidus. 31 B. C. 

73. Lepidus was weak minded and soon disposed of by the 

others. Antony held out against his superiors, un- 
til the charms of the Egyptian Cleopatra subdued 
him, and Augustus or Octavius becomes another, if 
not a greater "Cassar. " 

74. He was defeated at Actium in 31 B. C, and again at 

Alexandria where he killed himself. 

75. 30 B. C. 

76. Jesus who is called Christ. He was born when Augus- 

tus was emperor. 

77. Caligula, one of the emperors. 

78. Nero. 

79. Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian and the two Antonines. 

80. In 260 A. D., upon the death of Valerian, King of 

Rome, various fragments of the empire set up petty 
governments whose chiefs were known as the 
"Thirty Tyrants." 

81. Constantine w^ho had always been friendl}^ to the 

Christians was marching into Italy with his army in 
312 A. D., when he saw a light, and a flaming cross 
in the sky with the inscription on it, "In Hoc Signo 
Vinces" (By this sign conquer). He adopted the 
emblem, and was converted to Christianity." 

82. Just after the death of Theodosius in 395 A. D. 

83. Alaric, Attila and Genseric. 

84. Romulus Augustulus, 476 A. D. 

85. (a) Plautus, Virgil, Horace and Ovid, (b) Cicero, 

Seneca and the two Pliny s. (c) Cato the Censor, 
Caesar, Sallust and Livy. 

86. These combats were advertised by public announce- 

ments, and on the day or the exhibition, decorations 
were profuse. Syrian perfumes were laden on the 
air and the gladiators, inarched into the arena in 
pairs to the sweetest strains of music. When one 
was severely wounded by a lance or spear (or was 
thrown from his horse) he held up his forefingef as 



108 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



a plea for life. A waving- of the handkerchief meant 
merc}^ and the extended thumb and clinched fist 
forbade hope. 
87. 1. Babylonia-Assyrian. 2. Persian. 3. Grecian. 4, Ro- 
man. 5. Mohammedan. 6. Charlemag-ne's. 

A study of the Greek and Latin authorities, Mytholo- 
g-y, Architecture and Agriculture. — It was a clas- 
sical e&\xczX\on. 

l.Alaric in Rome, 410 B. C— 2. Battle of Chalons 451 
B. C— 3. Downfall of Rome, 476 A. D. 



88 



89 



90. 



BATTLES. 


GENERALS. 


PARTIES AND RESULTS. 


Date. 






Romans defeated by Carthagini- 


B. C. 




"/ Hannibal 


217 




Romans Victorious , 

Brutus and Cassius defeated 

Octavius victorious 


201 


2. Zama 

3. Phillipi 


'( Hannibal 

\ Brntus and Cassius 

') Octavius and Antony ... 
J Antony and Cleopatra. 


42 
31 









CKapter XXXIIL— TQediaeval i-{fsl-or/. 

I. Races. 

1. The downfall. afi'Rome, 476 A. D.; 1100 A. D.; 1500 A. D. 

2. (a) The ostrog-oths were a powerful barbaric tribe in 

the east of Germany, (b) The Visigoths were in 
Western Germany. They were related to each oth- 
er, (c) The Burgundians came from the north-east 
and settled in Central Europe, (d) The Vandals 
were a devastating tribe of Northern Africa, (e) 
The Merovingians were a weak Northern Germanic 
tribe, (f) The Lombards were from the East, and 
so called because of their long- beards. They set- 
tled in Lombardy. (g-) The Huns, after securing 
all Europe finally settled (some of them) in Hunga- 
ry. (h)The Anglo-Saxons were descendants of the 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 109 

Goths, and named, from the sections in which they 
had settled. The}" settled and named An^le-land or 
Eng-land. 

3. While they were carrying- destruction with their arms 

wherever they went, they met the plain, common, 
humble followers of Christ, whose examples of piety 
touched the tender hearts of the barbarians; and 
the countries conquered with the sword, g-enerally, 
conquered the conquerors with their religion. 

4. The word is derived from the Greek, monacho, mean- 

ing- a monk. It was the practice of the Catholic 
Church, of having- monks assemble in groups or 
monasteries, for the purpose of spiritual education. 
By this means alone was the Bible, and all records 
of Christianity saved and promulgated. It flourish- 
ed, therefore, because it was deemed a necessity. 

5. The barbaric languages which w^ere Romanized or Lat- 

inized. Such as the Italian, French and Spanish. 

6. Under the reign of Justinian, the Emperor of the East 

occurred: (1) The adornment of his capital; (2) 
the writing- of the Pandects, Codes and Institutes of 
Roman Law; (3~) and the defeat of the Goths in Italy 
by his g-eneral, Belisarius. While Heraclius was on 
the throne was foug-ht the battle of Nineveh (627 A. 
D.) and Persia was overthrown. 
II. Mohammedanism. 

7. He was an Arabian camel driver and was born in Mec- 

ca in 571 A. D. He called himself God's prophet 
and founded a new religion. 

8. 1l\i^ flight of Mohammed from his place of nativity to 

Medina in 622 A. D. was called "Hegira." 

9. The "Koran," tribute or the sword. Other nations 

must either accept their doctrines, pay them tribute 
or be put to death. 
10. The Mohammedans had been sviccessf ul in their world- 
conquering- expedition, and marched northward from 
Spain. Here they met the Franks under Charles 



110 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

Martel ("The Hammer") in 732 A. D. After a fierce 
and spirited battle in which 375,000 men were left 
dead on the field, the Mohammedans or Saracens 
met their first defeat, and the P3'renees became the 
northern boundary of the Saracenic Empire in 
Europe. 

11. The "Ommiades" held Spain with their capital at Cor- 

dova; the "Abassides" ruled Northern Africa and 
Arabia from their capital at Bagdad; and the de- 
scendants of Ali, son-in-law of Mohammed, con- 
trolled Persia, Eg-ypt and Mauretania. 

12. At the time of the introduction of Mohammedanism, 

the other relig^ions were almost lifeless, and the 
Christian Church, especially, was very weak. This 
accounts for their wonderful influence. They es- 
tablished schools at Cordova and Bag"dad, and as all 
Europe was buried beneath the flood of ig^norance, 
people from all parts of the woi'ld had to resort to 
these schools for education. They g^ave us Alg^ebra, 
Arithmetic, and many other commendable thing^s. 

III. Crusades, Chivalry, etc. 

13. They were those Christians who desired to rescue the 

Holy Land of Palestine and the Tomb of Christ from 
the Moslems or Mohammedans. They used the 
cross as their emblem, hence they were called Croi- 
saders or Crusaders, (i. e. followers of the Cross.) 

14. Althoug-h the g-eneral efl^ect was entirely different from 

the object in view, yet it was beneficial to Europe. 
1. The minds of Crusaders were enlig-htened by 
contact with customs, different from their own. 2. 
They introduced, into Europe, sug-ar, silk and fine 
wheat from the East. 3. Principalities, duchies and 
counties warred with each other after the crusading- 
ceased. 4. The Church's power increased. 5. The 
Crusades broug-ht chivalry. 6. A rivalry arose be- 
tween Italian free cities in reg-ard to the Eastern 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 111 

trade. 7. Secret societies were fostered and encour- 
ag^ed. 

15. Feudalism was that system by means of which kni,o-hts 
and lords held their lands" on condition of military 
service to the King-, or chief, whog-ranted them, and 
they in turn held vassals under them upon the same 
condition. 

15. Chivalry was a training of skilled knights from boy- 
hood. At the age of seven years, the boy became'a 
Page and had certain duties to perform. When he 
was fourteen years old he became a Squire, and at 
21 he was knig-hted if he had stood all the previous 
tests and performed the strict duties exacted of 
him. 

17. It was usually a strong stone fortress on some high 

cliff inclosed by massive parapetted walls, encircled 
by ditches shining- with towers. 

18. The lands were held by the people at the will of their 

lords, vassals, fiefs or suzerains upon condition of 
service to them. 

19. The candidate on bended knees took a vow to defend 

his loi-d's g-ood name and to be his (lord's) man, to 
not shun any adventure in any war he mig-ht hap- 
pen to be, and to protect women and all weak per- 
sons. He was then stricken on the neck with the 
fiat side of the sword and dubbed a knight. 

20. Lists were painted and g-ilded and hung with g-orgeous 

tapestries. The combatants (knig-hts clad in armor 
on horseback) appeared at the sound of music, and 
rushed towards each other with frantic fury. They 
were sometimes preceded by ladies who led them 
with .golden chains. There were knig-hts and her- 
alds posted at places in the lists to replace broken 
lances'and weapons, and to assist or raise unhorsed 
knights, and see that order was observed. 

21. The effect of chivalry was to cause people to be more 



112 OUTLINES OF GEXEKAL HISTOK\' 

polite, to make them respect weakness, and honor 
women. 

IV. Rise of Modern Nations. 

22. (a) King- of the Franks from 487-507 A. D. (b) Pepin, 

the Short, was the son of Charles Martel and King- 
of the Franks, (c) Charlemag-ne was the son of 
Pepin, conqueror of Italy and Germany, and Em- 
peror of the Holy Roman Empire from 800-814 A. D. 

23. He conquered all that territory from the Baltic to the 

Adriatic Sea, and from the Eng-lish channel to the 
East of Burgundy, and re-established the Holy Ro- 
man Empire. — 800. At the Treaty of Verdun in 
843 A. D. Lothair obtained Italy, Louis held Germa- 
n}^ and the Rhine, and Charles the Bold, France. 
All these were his g-rand sons. 

24. They went to Normandy in France, Russia, Green- 

land and Iceland. 

25. The Meroving-ian, Carlo ving-ian, Capetian and Valois 

families. 

26. In the reig-n of Louis XL— 1461-1483. 

27. a. Crecy was foug-ht between the Eng-lish, under Ed- 

ward III., and the French, under Philip VI., in 
France in 1346. The French were defeated, b. 
Henry V. of Eng-land defeated an army of Fiench 
four times as larg-e as his own, at Ag-incourt in 1415. 
The French were commanded by Charles VL c. 
The Eng-lish had laid sieg-e to Orleans in 1429, but 
Joan of Arc, a simple, peasant g-irl who believed she 
was inspired of heaven to save her country, appeared 
at the head of the French army and the Eng-lish re- 
treated. 

28. Under Charles VII., aided by Joan of Arc in 1422. 

29. 1. Roman Conquest — 79 A. D. 2. Saxon Conquest — 

about 400 A. D. 3. The Danish Conquest— 1016 A. 
D. 4. Norman Conquest — 1066 A. D. 

30. a. Ireland was conquered bv the barons of Henry II., 

1154-1189, but rebelled and defeated the Earl of Es- 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 113 

sex in 1589, and was ag"ain beaten by Ireton, son-in- 
law of Oliver Cromwell, in 1651. b. Wales was sub- 
dued by Edward I. in 1300 A. D. His son, Edward 
II., attempted to conquer Scotland, but such men as 
Wallace and Bruce proved too much for him and he 
was defeated, c. The Crowns were united under 
the monarch, James VI. of Scotland, who became 
James I. of England, in 1603. — Union of Parliament 
later. 

31. 1. The war of the barons against King- John, in 

1215, and the obtainment of the "Great Charter." 
2. The war of Parliament ag-ainst the King-, Charles 
I., led by Oliver Cromwell— 1644-48. 3. The rise of 
the House of Commons from 1640 since. 4. The 
Granting- of the Petition of Rig-ht— 1628. 4. Bill of 
Rights— 1689. 

32. Two ladies, discussing the troubles between the 

Houses of York and Lancaster, exhibited White and 
Red Roses, respectivel}', to exemplify the purity of 
the one and the beauty of the other. It began in 
1455 and lasted for thirty years. 

33. 1. Charlemagne. 2. Joan of Arc. 3. Hugh Capet. 

Louis XI. 5. Richard I. 6. Alcuin. See p. 52. 

34. France and England were almost continually at war 

with each other, while Germany struggled against 
the Barbarians in order to hold the title of "Emperor 
of the Holy Roman Empire," established by Charle- 
magne in 800. 

35. Carlo vingians, Franconians, Saxons, Hohenstaufens 

and Hapsburgs. cSee outlines for dates.) 

36. From 1253 until 1273. 

37. It was named from Rudolph's Castle in Switzerland, 

and was proud, haughty and revengeful. 

38. It lasted until 1807. (See Ans. to No. 34.) It was an 

empty honor, confered on the weak rulers of Ger- 
many, in the middle ages. 



114 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY « 

39. In 1307, when a little band met and swore that they 

w^ould have liberty. 

40. Morg-arten— 1315. Sempach— 1386. Nafels— 1388. 

41. Herindependencewasacknowledg-ed in 1648. Thecoun- 

try at first comprised only eig"ht cantons, or dis- 
tricts, but it now has 22 cantons. It became a re- 
public, and such a one that no nation dared to tread 
upon its rig-hts. 

42. William Tell was put in prison and his son was arrest- 

ed. Gessler, the Austrian g"overnor, told Tell if he 
would shoot an apple off his son's head, at the dis- 
tance of 100 paces, he (Gessler) would g-rant them 
both liberty. Tell was very skillful with the bow, 
but he hid an arrow in his vest that he might shoot 
Gessler, should he hit his boy. Tell hits the apple, 
but Gessler, discovering- the hidden arrow, put him 
in prison ag-ain. One time after this, they were in a 
boat on a stormy lake, and Tell's chains were unloosen 
that he might steer the boat, when he jumped out od 
a rock, hid and shot Gessler, killing- him. 

43. The monasteries kept alive the lights of learning-, be- 

cause they were peaceful, did acts of devotion, furn- 
ished homes for the oppressed, practiced benevo- 
lence, and restrained feudalism when it was too 
much for even the King-s. The gift of Pepin, the 
Short, made the pope apolitical prince; the crusades 
strengthened the papal power;, and the belief that 
the world would come to an end in 1000 A. D. all in- 
creased the power of the Papacy. 

44. Rienzi, the Roman Patriot. 

45. When the Roman Empire was destroyed, it beg-an to 

crumble, and the strong-est cities had to prepare for 
a strug-gle for existence against the barbarians. 

46. Florence, the birthplace of Amerig-o Vespucci; Genoa, 

the birthplace of Columbus; Venice, built on seven- 
ty-two small islands. 

47. She was the daug-hter of a peasant and believed that 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 115 

God had inspired her to save the French, Leaving- 
home, she entered the army and led it to victory 
ag-ainst the English. She had the Dauphin crowned 
King of Rheims, and declared that her mission was 
ended; but the silly King- insisted that she must re- 
main with the army. She was captured by the En- 
g-lish, and burned at the stake in 1431 at the ag-e of 20] 
She foretold, amid the flames, that the Eng-lish would 
soon meet with disasters. 

48. a. A protestant reformer of Bohemia, b. Emperor of 

Hung-ary and Bohemia, c. Emperor of Germany 
before the Reformation. 

49. The inventions of g-unpowder, printing- and the ma- 

riner's compass. (See tables for authors, &c.) 

50. They were extrem^ely severe. Heretics were burned 

at the stake, w^hich was the punishment for severe 
crimes, and was always administered by almost all 
religious denominations and rulers. 

51. 1. 1453— Close of the "Hundred Years War." 2. 

Dowmfall of Constantinople. 3. 1491 — Expulsion of 
the Moors from Spain. 4. 1492 — Discovery of 
America. 5. 1500 — As a g-eneral date including- all 
these events. 

52. Deliverance of France; War of the Roses; Conquest of 

Granada; Printing- of lirst book by Gutenburg; 
The Tudor family comes to the throne of Eng-land; 
Vasco DeGama doubles the Cape of Good Hope ; 
Savonarola is burned at the stake; Charles VHL in- 
vaded Italy; and Chivalry becomes obsolete. 

53. William Caxton. 



CKapter XXXIY.— Tnoderii ffistor/. 

n. Other Countries than England. 
They g-ave the French a thirst for conquest for which 
Italy suffered often, and led to acquaintances which 



116 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

resulted in Philip, heir to the Netherlands, marry- 
ing- Joanna, daug-hter of Ferdinand and Isabella, 
while Catharine, Joanna's sister, married Arthur of 
Eng-land, axid became heir to the British crown, up- 
on the death of Henry, brother of Arthur. 

2. He was at first successful, but committed such brutal 

outrag-es, and his best g-eneral Gaston de Foix hav- 
ing been killed at Ravenna in 1512, he was defeated. 

3. Wealth and undisputed power had probabl}^ led the 

church into some abuses, and some men thoug-ht 
and felt that the Popes were not true representa- 
tives of Christ. 

4. The Diet of the Church at Spires, 1529, declared that 

no changes from the doctrines and worship would 
be allowed, and the German princes and cities that 
p rofesfed 3.gsimst this were termed Protestants. 

5. Denmark, Sweden and a part ot Germany and Switzer- 

land, the Netherlands and Eng-land, 

6. He was the g-reat g-rand-son of Charles the Bold of 

Burgundy. 

7. See p. 57. 

8. Ignatius Loyola was a Spanish cavalier, who had once 

been wounded in battle. He led a counter-influence 
for the Catholic church ag-ainst Luther b}'" founding- 
the g-rand order oi Jesuits. 

9. The Guises were descended from the Dukes of Lor- 

raine. Mary married James V. of Scotland, and her 
daug-hter, Mar}^ married Francis II. of France. 
Hence they hada wonderful influence, at the Scot- 
tish and French courts, ag-ainst the English. The 
Duke of Guise defended Metz ag-ainst Charles V. 
who had an army of 100,000 men, and he captured 
Calais. He has been accused of being- the chief pro- 
moter of the massacre of St. Bartholomew — 1572, 
and he seized Paris itself at one time. Henr}', the 
heir to the French crown, invited him to a confer- 
ence and had him stabbed to death. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 117 

10. William, Prince of Orang-e, in the Netherlands. 

11. In the war for the "Rise of the Dutch Republic," Wil- 

liam attempted to unite them all tog-ether but failed. 
The Ten lower provinces were however united to 
the seven upper ones in 1814. 

12. He was murdered in his own house by a hired assassin 

of Philip II., of Spain in 1584. 

13. His g"randson, William, who married Mary, daug-hter 

of James II., of England, and headed the Revolution 
of 1688, winning- the English crown. 

14. His brother, Ferdinand, became emperor of Germany 

and Duke of Austria; and Philip obtained Spain and 
the Netherlands, yet they acted in concert. 

15. He was the ruler of Turkey and the g"reat Mohamme- 

dan leader of Modern Times. 

16. Solyman had captured Cypress and alarmed all Europe. 

The Spanish and Venetians succeeded in defeating- 
the Turks in the battle of Lepanto, 1571. Solyman's 
death caused a lull in the wars as his immediate suc- 
cessor, Selim, was a weak monarch ; but when Mo- 
hammed II. had murdered his nineteen brothers in 
order to gain the throne, he, of course, renewed the 
war, and at Kerestes, in 1596, 50,000 Christians were 
slain. ■ The}', the Mohammedans, were, however, 
beaten, and Bohemia and Hung-ary were relieved 
from paying- them tribute. 

17. The crowns of Bohemia and Hung-ary were resig-ned 

to Ferdinand of Styria. The Bohemians revolted 
against Ferdinand and chose Frederick the Palati- 
nate, and son-in-law of James I. of Eng-land, as their 
king-. See p. 61. 

18. He was the Imperial g-eneral and leader of the Catholic 

forces and was never defeated until he met Gusta- 
vus Adolphus. He was assassinated under orders 
of the emperor for treason, 

19. He was the Protestant King- of Sweden, who led his 

troops to victory ag-ainst the famous Wallenstein at 



118 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

Lutzeii in 1632. He died amid the victorious shouts 
of his soldiers. 

20. The Treaty of Westphalia in 1G48. 

21. 1. It broug-ht the religious wars on the continent to an 

end; 2. granted religious freedom; 3. recognized 
the independence of Switzerland; 4. and Holland; 
5. and gave Alsace to France; 6. and Pomerania to 
Sweden. The causes were forg-otten. 

22. Spain, Portugal, England, France, Holland and Sweden. 

23. 1. The Spaniards settled in Mexico, S. A., Cuba, Hayti 

and the Phillipines; 2. The Portuguese in Brazil and 
various islands; 3. The English in Virginia, Mass., 
N. H., Conn., R. I., N. C. and S. C, Georgia and 
Guiana; 4. The Dutch in New York, Guiana, Java 
and Spice Islands; 5. The French in Canada, Guiana 
and La.; 6. The Swedes in Delaware. 

24. She was only six 3^ears old when Gustavus Adolphus 

her father was killed. She displayed remarkable 
ability, but no steadiness of purpose, and became 
tired of governing, so she resigned in favor of her 
cousin Charles X., and spent the rest of her life in 
aimless wandering. 

25. Charles XII. of Sweden was a grandson of Charles X. 

He came to the throne in 1697, at fifteen years of 
age. His enemies attempted to take advantage of 
his youth and divide his kingdom, but in two weeks 
he defeated the King of Denmark. Russia had be- 
sieged Narva with 80,000 men, and he went to its 
relief with only 8,000 Swedes and beat them. Next 
he crushed Poland, placing- Stanislaus Leczinksy on 
the throne, and driving Augustus the Strong into 
Saxony. Imagining himself a second Alexander he 
invaded Russia, but was defeated at Pultowa in 1709, 
and killed in a sieg^e in Norw^a}' before he reached 
home in 1718. 

26. He became joint-king with his demented half-brother, 

when he was ten vears old. At the ag-e of seventeen 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 119 

he siezed the crown for himself — 1689. He went to 
England, Holland and other countries and learned 
the art of ship-building-, and observed ever3^thing 
that could be of an}'- use to his countr3\ He desired 
an outlet on the Baltic sea, and entered into a coali- 
tion with Poland and Denmark, to dismember 
Sweden. Charles XH. was more than successful 
against Peter at first, but the Russians learned les- 
sons from his defeats, and finally succeeded in rout- 
ing the Swedes at Pultowa, and raised Russia from 
a fourth rate to first rate power. He died in 1725, 
and w^as succeeded by his wife, Catherine I. 

27. Catherine H. of Russia attempts to secure Poland, but 

Austria and Prussia interfered and they agreed to 
divide it into thirds. This was done in 1772. The 
Poles under Kosciusko struggled fiercely but were 
beaten b}^ 'overwhelming odds, and the most dis- 
graceful act ever perpetrated in the annals of his- 
torv was committed by the greedv trio. 

28. Leo X., Gregory XHI. aiid Pius IX." 

29. His grand-father, the elector of Brandenburg was 

humored by the Emperor, and crowned as King of 
Prussia. Frederick the Great came to the throne 
in 1740, and having an inherent genius for war, he 
entered the "War of the Austrian Succession," and 
the "Seven Years War" — 1756-63, and by so doing 
he placed Prussia among the leading powers of 
Europe. 

30. In 1740, Maria Theresa became heir to the Austrian 

throne b}' the "Pragmatic Sanction" arranged by 
her father, but other claims caused Prussia, France 
and Spain to war against Great Britain and Holland. 
The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 closed the war 
and left Frederick in possession of Silesia. 

31. Henry of Navarre, as Henry IV., was the first Bour- 

bon. Louis XVI. the last one in successive order, 
was beheaded in 1793. Louis XVIIL "tackled" the 



120 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

throne two or three times, but Napoleon I. interfer- 
ed with his regal robes, as did Napoleon III. with an- 
other King-dom. The Last Bourbon on the throne 
was Charles X.— 1824-30. The Bourbons like the 
Stuarts of England, believed in the "Divine Right 
of Kings" and were obstinate and cruel at times. 
The Revolution of 1830 placed Louis Phillippe on the 
throne and since that time no Bourbon has applied 
for the situation. 

32. He had three things to accomplish, viz: to destroy the 

Huguenots; subdue the nobles; and humble the 
House of Hapsburg-or Austria. Under his regime, 
Louis XIII. becam.e the "first man in Europe." 
though he was only the "second man in France." 

33. He was noted for bis false ideas of glory, his independ- 

ence of ministers and reckless extravagance. 

34. Louis XIV. became his own prime minister, and was 

sole master of France for fifty years. 

35. The King of Spain, Charles 11. , had willed his domin- 

ions to the grandson of Louis XIV., who accepted the 
crown in his (grand-son's) behalf. Other countries 
feared that the union of two such powerful nations 
would endanger Europe, so England, Holland and 
Austria formed a Grand Alliance to prevent it. 
They espoused 'the cause of Archdvike Charles of 
Austria, but in the midst of the war, he became Em- 
peror of Germany, so now they feared one as much 
as the other. The Treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt 
in 1714 closed the war, after twelve years of fighting 
by which nothing was gained or lost in principle. 

36. See p. 62. 

37. She lost Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay 

in America, and all she had claimed of the Spanish 
Netherlands. 

38. See p. 67. 

39. Jacobins, fCordeliers, Girondists, Royalists and Ter- 

rorists. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 1^1 

40. Danton, Marat and Robespierre. 

41. Picheg-ru, Hoche, Jourdan, Moreau and Dumouriez. 

42. That period from June 2, 1793 to July 28, 1794. 

43. The Queen fled to England, but the little son Louis 

XVII. died after two years suffering- in prison. Ro- 
mance has pictured him as coming to America. 

44. He was born on ,the island of Corsica in 1769, and at- 

tended a military school at Brienne, in France, when 
he was only ten years old, He was resolute, quar- 
relsome and gloomy, but proud, a genius and a favor- 
ite wnth his teachers. He entered the army as a 
lieutenant and first distinguished himself at the 
siege of Toulon. He married Josephine, widow of 
Beauharnais, who was executed, and obtained com- 
mand of the army of Italy in 1796. He was success- 
ful in this campaign and afterwards defeated Aus- 
tria. All Europe soon trembled at his power, for 
monarchies crumbled and Kings tumbled at his 
command. Victories succeeded each other, thick 
and fast, until all Europe met him at Leipsic in 1813, 
where he was defeated and banished to the island of 
Elba. He escaped the guards, and in one hundred 
days from the time of his banishment, was back 
again, and met the allied arm_ies under Wellington 
at Waterloo in 1815, but was beaten only because his 
marshal Grouchy failed to appear on the scene of 
action. He was again banished to an island — St. 
Helena — where he died in 1821. Had he not made 
some flagrant mistakes, the map of Europe might 
today present different boundary lines to our vision. 

45. He was a nephew of Napoleon I. and by means of a 

revolution, he became the chief officer of the second 
republic, which being changed to a monarchy made 
him King— 1848-71. 

46. Alexander I., Czar of Russia, proposed to the five great 

powers of Russia, Austria, Prussia, France and 
Great Britain that they "Remain united in true broth- 



122 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

erly love; g-overn their subjects as parents; and 
maintain religion, peace and justice." This was 
nice, but a spirit of Liberalism as opposed to Abso- 
lutism, under despotic monarchs, arose and led to 
the revolutions of 1848. 

47. It occurred in 1823 and lasted until 1830. The Greeks 

became independent of Turkey, and a Prince of 
Denmark w^as placed on the throne. 

48. 1. The Italians rebel ag-ainst Austria. 2. The Hun- 

g-arians led by Kossuth revolt. 3. The Duchies of 
of Schleswig- and Holstein rebel ag^ainst Denmark. 
4. The Revolution in France. 5. The Chartists in 
Eng-land. 6. The Revolution in Germany. 

49. a. The war of Austria, with France, Russia, Saxony, 

Sweden and Poland as allies ag-ainst Prussia to re- 
cover Silesia. England alone aided Prussia. — 1756- 
1763. b. It was Prussia and Italy against Austria, 
this time, and Austria was defeated and shut out of 
the German Empire. — 1866. c. The war of Prus- 
sia and other German states ag-ainst France in 1870- 
1871, in which France was defeated, and the King- 
of Prussia became Emperor of Germany. 

50. France desired to perpetuate German divisions, 

and Napoleon III. imag-ined himself a second Bona- 
parte^ and the French shouted "on to Berlin." The 
Battles of Weissenburg-, Worth, Courcelles, Thion- 
ville and Gravelotte were all German victories, and 
Napoleon surrendered 80,000 men at Sedan, and his 
g-eneral, Marshal Bazaine, 180,000 at Mitz. Thus 
France, which held Europe in awe, under one Napo- 
leon for 197 months, lay at the mercy of one nation 
under another Napoleon, in seven months. 

51. 1. The Pope ceases to be a temporal prince, because 

the states of the Church were added to Italy. — 1878. 
2. Turkey grants relig-ious toleration in 1878. 3. 
Wilhelmina, the child queen, succeeds her father 
William III. as ruler of the Netherlands. — 1890. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 123 

4. *Alex?aider II; of Russia is assassinated in 1881. 

5. The Edict of 1890 ag-ainst the Jews. 6. The 
Famine of 1890-92. 7. Japan becomes a Constitu- 
tional Monarchy.— 1889. 8. China and Japan war 
with each other.— 1895. 9. The Russo-Turkish war 
of 1878. 10. The Graeco-Turkish War of 1897. 
11. Italian and Abyssinian affairs. — 1897. 12. Re- 
bellion of Cuba and Philipines.— 1897-1898. 13. War 
between United States and Spain.— 1898. 14. Death 
of Hon. W. E. Gladstone.— 1898. 15. European in- 
tervention in the Orient.— 1898. 16. Dewey's victo- 
ry at Manila.— 1898. 

II. England. 

52. The wars with Francis I. and Charles V. The breach 

with the Catholic Church, and domestic troubles. 

53. See p. 60. 

54. He was full of whims, obstinate and extremely cruel 

and ung-enerous. 

55. Cardinal Wolsley, his prime minister, was authorized 

to procure a divorce for him from Catharine — No. 
. 1 — so he could marry Anne Boleyn, but the King-, 
suspecting- his fidelity, because the matter was de- 
layed, had him arrested for treason. He died while 
on his way to prison, broken-hearted. 

56. Edward VI. in 1547. 

57. The Duke of Somerset became reg-ent for Edward VI., 

who was only ten years old. The Duke of North- 
umberland an arch-enemy to Somerset persuaded 
the King- to have him executed and set aside his 
half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, and let his cousin 
receive the crown. 

58. This cousin, see 57, to the Duke was Lady Jane Grey, 

a beautiful and accomplished g-irl, who was pro- 
claimed Queen ag-ainst her wishes, and she and Lord 
Dudley, her husband were imprisoned and executed 
for treason. 

*The same 3'ea.r Garfield was assassinated. 



124 OUTLINES OF GKNERAL HISTORY 

59. She was the daug-hter of Henry VIII. and Catharine of 

Arag-on, and married her cousin, Philip II. of Spain. 

60. 1. The defeat of the Invincible Armada— 1588. 2. The 

Independence of Holland. 3. Re-establishment of 
Protestantism. 4. Increase of Commerce. 5. Her 
numerous Favorites. 6. The "Aug-ustan Ag-e" of 
Literature for the English. 7. Drake sails around 
the Globe. 8. Hawkins traces the coast of Guinea. 
9. Formation of the East India Company. 10. Col- 
onization attempted by Raleigh in Va. 

61. He was one of Queen Elizabeth's favorites, and made 

the first attempt to colonize Virginia. He introduc- 
ed smoking into England, and potatoes into Ireland. 
He seems to have incurred the displeasure of the 
Sovereign, and was imprisoned for thirteen years, 
during which time he wrote a "History of the 
World." King James I. released him and sent him 
to S. A. for gold, but Raleigh found none, so he was 
vexed, and had him beheaded. 

62. It was weak and effeminate. He courted favors of 

Spain, refused to help his son-in-law, the Elector- 
Palatine of Germany, when England clamored for 
w^ar, and Great Britain for a period ceased to be the 
leading nation on the continent. 

63. This was said of James I. of England. 

64. Sully, the great French statesman. 

65. The King attempted to establish absolutism as it was 

in France, and in 1628 Parliament wrested from 
him the Petition of Right, which curtailed the sov- 
ereign's power. Charles disregarded all his promi- 
ses and for eleven years ruled like Louis XL No 
parliament had been convoked, and when the Scotch 
invaded England the King had to succumb and call 
a parliament. This was his "Waterloo," for the 
parliament brought his famous advisers to the 
block, and even the proud Charles himself mounted 
the scaffold in 1649. 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 125 

66. [a.] Hampden was the first parliamentarian g-eneral 

and a cousin to Oliver Cromwell, [b.] Stafford and 
Laud w^ere advisers of Charles I., and were executed 
b}^ parliament for their cruel punishments. 

67. The adherents of the King-'s cause were called cava- 

liers^ and those who advocated the cause of Parlia- 
ment were called Roundheads.. 

68. Four years— 1642-48. 

69. He was beheaded in 1649, as a result of his defeat b)" 

parliament. 

70. Oliver Cromwell who was styled the Protectorate of 

the Commonwealth. 

71. He belong-ed to that sturdy independent party of the 

Puritans or Roundheads, and trained his army after 
his own plan. Besides training- his "Ironsides," he 
org-anized parliament in 1653. He had beaten the 
Kind's forces, and made himself master of England. 
His reig-n caused Eng-land to be respected and 
honored abroad, but it was not popular at home. He 
died in 1659 on the anniversary of his famous battles 
of Dunbar and Worcester. 

72. [a.] The Parliament which Charles I. called tog^ether, 

sat for thirteen years — 1640-53, and was really not 
dissolved for twenty years, 1660. [b.] The Parlia- 
ment w^hich Charles I. called in order to get "ship- 
money." It met April 13, 1640, and only sat two 
days, being- dissolved by the King-. 

73. It occurred in 1660 when Richard, the son of Oliver 

Cromwell resig-ned the Protectorate, and General 
Monk of Scotland marched to London, and under 
his protection the "Long Parliament," discharg-ed 
by Cromwell, met and issued writs of election for a 
new one, and dissolved itself. The new parliament 
met and proclaimed Charles II. King-. 

74. Some of the Catholics being- much persecuted under 

James I. 's reig-n, headed by Guy Fawkes, hid thirty- 
six barrels of g-unpowder beneath fag-ots of fire- 



126 OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 

wood, and it was supposed that they intended to 
blow up parliament. A discovery was made in time 
to avert the calamity. — 1605. 

75. a. Royalists and Parliamentarians ; b. Tories and 

Whig-s; Conservatives and Liberals. 

76. It was translated in 1611 in the reig-n of James I. 

77. *Upon the death of James II., 1688, his son, James III., 

desired the crown and was styled the '"Old Pretend- 
er," and this soji^s son — Charles III. — was termed 
"Young- Pretender." 

78. Because of the fact that the "Revolution of 1688-9" 

broug-ht William of Orang-e, who had married Mary, 
a daug-hter of James II. to the throne. She was old- 
er than young- James and they changed the law" of 
succession so it would put a Protestant on the throne. 
In 1745, the "Young Pretender" w^as defeated at 
Culloden Moor, and the Stuarts were never heard of 
again. 

79. After the French and Indian War in 1763, the English 

troops were stationed in America to protect Canada 
from again falling into the hands of the French. 
These troops were to be supported by the Ameri- 
cans and added to this was the great taxation placed 
upon the colonies by the mother country. The peo- 
ple south of Canada, under the leadership of Wash- 
ington, assisted by the French, gained their inde- 
pendence, and became United States of America. 
The Treaty at Paris of 1783 closed the war and 
England acknowledged the countr}- to be free. 

80. His brother William IV— 1830-37. 

81. tin 1884, Czar Nicholas of Russia attempted to capture 

some Turkish territory on the pretext of aiding the 
Greek Christians to ob^iain certain holy places in Je- 
rusalem. England and France became allies of 
Turkey, and laid siege to Sebastopol in the Crimea. 
In the battles of Balaklava, and Inkerman, they 

*Read Lochiel's Warning' by Thomas Campbell 
tRead Tennyson's "Chargre of the Light Bri,;^ade." 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 127 

worsted the Russians so much that they beg-g-ed for 
peace, relinquishing- all the territory conquered on 
the Danube. — 1856. The East India Company be- 
g-an to settle India in 1612. 

82. The native soldiers in the English service in India re- 

volted because their cartridges were greased, as this 
was an insult to their religion. The massacres of 
Delhi, Cawnpore and Lucknow followed. The Eng- 
lish succeeded in quelling the mutiny in 1859, and 
the East India Company turned the affairs of gov- 
ernment over to the Queen, w^ho in 1876 took the title 
of "Empress of India." 

83. He was born in 1738, and v/as made Governor General 

of India. To meet the expenses of a war carried on 
against Hyder Ali, a Mohammedan warrior, in 1780, 
he expelled a rich native King of Benares from his 
dominion and confiscated his revenues. He after- 
wards resigned his office; was tried on the charge of 
malfeasance in office; acquitted at the trial; and 
granted a pension of $20,000 per year. He died in 
1818. 

84. Tbe famous orator Edmund Burke. 

85. It was colonized by English convicts in 1788 at Sydney. 

Gold w^as discovered in 1851, and immigration pour- 
ed in rapidly until there were soon eight colonies all 
subject to England. Australia and the neighboring 
islands of New Zealand, Tasmania and the Fijis 
have all acknowledged Queen Victoria as their sov- 
ereign. They are now 3,388,000 square miles in ex- 
tent and have a population of 3,500,000 souls. 

86. The '•'Impressment of American Seamen," and the 

"Right of Search" /ci ^g-^/ them as practiced by the 
English. French Jealousies. 

87. See p. 72. 

88. William E. Gladstone.' 

89. 1837. 

. 90. Lord Salisbury. 



128 



OUTLINES OF GENERAL HISTORY 



JJ-ti 



91. "No power can exterminate the seeds of liberty when 
g-enerated in the blood of brave men." 

JUL J 1898 ^ 



Errata. 



Pag-e 10, Byzanitum should be 
21. Overthrow 
23. God, Good 
26. Arbella 
29. Dionysus 

31. Sophodes 
Themistodes 

32. Russia [12] 

33. Umbr-aus 
Sabeins 
Tarquin the Proud 

34. Benevutum should be 
Tiebia 
Caunae 

40. Planutus 
48. Bufus 
53. Latfu 
56. War [1-4] 
59. 1358 
70. Bazane 
78. Bleuhem 
80. 15th ' 
88. bids [125] 
92. became [48] 



Byzantium, 
overthrows. 
God of Good. 
Arbela. 
Dionysius. 
Sophocles. 
Themistodes. 
Prussia. 
Umbrians. 
Sabines. 
)ne King- omitted. 
Beneventum. 
Trebia. 
Cannae. 
Plautus. 
Rufus. 
Latin. 
Wars. 
1558. 
Bazaine. 
Blenheim. 
18th. 
birds, 
became. 



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